Acosta María Teresa
National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA. E-mail:
Medicina (B Aires). 2019;79 Suppl 3:29-32.
Recent studies have demonstrated that while we are sleeping, our brain is very busy processing all information we have acquired along the day. Lack of sleep has shown to produce deficits in memory consolidation and plays an important role in brain development and brain plasticity in the several developmental stages of the human brain. At the cellular level, circadian cycles coordinate complex mechanism that "turn on and off" genes and cellular structures regulating individual cell functions to impact global organ and systems physiological activities. At the end a perfect and coordinated equilibrium in the mental, emotional and physiological is the goal of this complex process. Sleep impacts memory, learning, mood, behavior, immunological responses, metabolism, hormone levels, digestive process and many more physiological functions. We present a review of three basic aspects related with sleep: a. brain electrical activity during the sleep and neuroanatomic correlation with mechanism related with memory and learning; b. circadian cycles and impact in several physiological systems; c some examples of clinical disorders associated with sleep disorders and impact in learning and memory.
最近的研究表明，当我们睡觉时，我们的大脑仍在忙于处理我们一天中获取的所有信息。睡眠不足已被证明会导致记忆巩固出现缺陷，并且在人类大脑的几个发育阶段中，对大脑发育和大脑可塑性起着重要作用。在细胞水平上，昼夜节律周期协调着复杂的机制，这些机制“开启和关闭”调节个体细胞功能的基因和细胞结构，从而影响整体器官和系统的生理活动。最终，在心理、情感和生理方面达到完美且协调的平衡是这个复杂过程的目标。睡眠会影响记忆、学习、情绪、行为、免疫反应、新陈代谢、激素水平、消化过程以及许多其他生理功能。我们对与睡眠相关的三个基本方面进行综述：a. 睡眠期间的脑电活动以及与记忆和学习相关机制的神经解剖学关联；b. 昼夜节律周期及其对多个生理系统的影响；c. 一些与睡眠障碍相关的临床病症实例以及对学习和记忆的影响。
