Sleep and Neuroimaging Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Prog Brain Res. 2010;185:49-68. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00004-X.
As critical as waking brain function is to cognition, an extensive literature now indicates that sleep supports equally important, different, yet complementary operations. This review will consider recent and emerging findings implicating sleep, and specific sleep-stage physiologies, in the modulation, regulation and even preparation of cognitive and emotional brain processes. First, evidence for the role of sleep in memory processing will be discussed, principally focusing on declarative memory. Second, at a neural level, several mechanistic models of sleep-dependent plasticity underlying these effects will be reviewed, with a synthesis of these features offered that may explain the ordered structure of sleep, and the orderly evolution of memory stages. Third, accumulating evidence for the role of sleep in associative memory processing will be discussed, suggesting that the long-term goal of sleep may not be the strengthening of individually memory items, but, instead, their abstracted assimilation into a schema of generalized knowledge. Forth, the newly emerging benefit of sleep in regulating emotional brain reactivity will be considered. Finally, and building on this latter topic, a novel hypothesis and framework of sleep-dependent affective brain processing will be proposed, culminating in testable predictions and translational implications for mood disorders.
尽管清醒的大脑功能对认知至关重要，但现在大量文献表明，睡眠同样支持着重要的、不同的但互补的运作。这篇综述将考虑最近和新兴的发现，这些发现表明睡眠和特定的睡眠阶段生理学在调节、调节甚至准备认知和情绪大脑过程中发挥作用。首先，将讨论睡眠在记忆处理中的作用的证据，主要集中在陈述性记忆上。其次，在神经水平上，将回顾几种睡眠依赖性可塑性的机制模型，对这些特征进行综合，以解释睡眠的有序结构和记忆阶段的有序演变。第三，将讨论睡眠在联想记忆处理中的作用的累积证据，表明睡眠的长期目标可能不是加强单个记忆项目，而是将它们抽象地同化到一般知识的图式中。第四，将考虑睡眠在调节情绪大脑反应方面的新出现的益处。最后，基于后一个主题，提出了一个关于睡眠依赖性情感大脑处理的新假说和框架，最终提出了可测试的预测和对情绪障碍的转化意义。
