School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA.
Trends Ecol Evol. 2020 Jan;35(1):68-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tree.2019.08.004. Epub 2019 Oct 8.
The loss of appetite that typically accompanies infection or mere exposure to parasites is traditionally considered a negative byproduct of infection, benefitting neither the host nor the parasite. Numerous medical and veterinary practices directly or indirectly subvert this 'illness-mediated anorexia'. However, the ecological factors that influence it, its effects on disease outcomes, and why it evolved remain poorly resolved. We explore how hosts use anorexia to defend against infection and how parasites manipulate anorexia to enhance transmission. Then, we use a coevolutionary model to illustrate how shifts in the magnitude of anorexia (e.g., via drugs) affect disease dynamics and virulence evolution. Anorexia could be exploited to improve disease management; we propose an interdisciplinary approach to minimize unintended consequences.
通常伴随感染或仅仅接触寄生虫而出现的食欲不振，传统上被认为是感染的负面副产品，既不利于宿主也不利于寄生虫。许多医学和兽医实践直接或间接地颠覆了这种“疾病介导的厌食症”。然而，影响它的生态因素、它对疾病结果的影响以及它为何进化仍然没有得到很好的解决。我们探讨了宿主如何利用厌食症来抵御感染，以及寄生虫如何操纵厌食症来增强传播。然后，我们使用协同进化模型来说明厌食症的幅度变化（例如通过药物）如何影响疾病动态和毒力进化。可以利用厌食症来改善疾病管理；我们提出了一种跨学科的方法来最小化意外后果。
