Institute for Simulation and Training, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
Ergonomics. 2020 Apr;63(4):440-460. doi: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1677946. Epub 2020 Jan 10.
We evaluated the performance of three highly practiced participants on three task types that comprised a simulated nuclear power plant control operation. Multiple subjective, physiological, and objective performance measures were collected on these three highly-practiced individuals. Results indicated ceiling effects in terms of performance accuracy, yet each individual adopted a unique response strategy across the respective sub-tasks. Their maximised accuracy was achieved at the expense of longer response times across differing sub-tasks. The measures which proved diagnostic and predictive of performance capacity were explored. The current conclusion presents us with an invidious problem in that performance and workload associations, insensitivities, and dissociations may be unique to each individual operator, and may well depend also upon the overall task in context. Such findings push our science away from seeking nomothetic assertions and toward individuated concerns. In consequence, the age of the idiographic may well be upon us. The importance and relevance of nuclear power control is self-evident. Concerns here have centred around the safety of the technology and its operators. Our work informs practitioners in this industry, and in Ergonomics in general, of the response of highly trained individuals in these safety-critical, operational domains. We show that even experts engage in personal and individual strategies, an observation critical to the assessment of this specific workplace, and potentially all others. NPP: nuclear power plant; ROs: reactor operators; MCR: main control room; LOA: levels of automation; EOP: emergency operating procedure; OP: operating procedures; ISA: instantaneous self-assessment; DSSQ: Dundee stres state questionnaire.
我们评估了三名高度熟练参与者在三个任务类型上的表现，这些任务类型构成了模拟核电厂控制操作。对这三名高度熟练的个体进行了多项主观、生理和客观的绩效测量。结果表明，在绩效准确性方面存在上限效应，但每个人在各自的子任务中都采用了独特的响应策略。他们的最大准确性是以不同子任务的更长响应时间为代价实现的。探讨了证明具有诊断和预测性能能力的措施。目前的结论使我们面临一个不利的问题，即绩效和工作量的关联、不敏感性和分离可能对每个个体操作员都是独特的，并且可能还取决于整体任务背景。这些发现使我们的科学从寻求同型断言转向个体化关注。因此，个体化的时代可能即将到来。 核能控制的重要性和相关性是不言而喻的。关注的焦点是技术及其操作人员的安全性。我们的工作为该行业的从业者以及一般的人类工效学从业者提供了关于在这些安全关键、运营领域中高度训练有素的个体反应的信息。我们表明，即使是专家也会采用个人和个体策略，这一观察对于评估特定工作场所至关重要，可能对所有其他工作场所也至关重要。 NPP：核电站；ROs：反应堆操作员；MCR：主控室；LOA：自动化水平；EOP：应急操作规程；OP：操作规程；ISA：即时自我评估；DSSQ：邓迪压力状态问卷。
