Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA.
J Lipid Res. 2019 Dec;60(12):1996-2005. doi: 10.1194/jlr.M094219. Epub 2019 Oct 22.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are formed from the metabolism of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450s. EETs promote angiogenesis linked to tumor growth in various cancer models that is attenuated in vivo by cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors. This study further defines a role for COX-2 in mediating endothelial EET metabolism promoting angiogenesis. Using human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), we quantified 8,9-EET-induced tube formation and cell migration as indicators of angiogenic potential in the presence and absence of a COX-2 inducer [phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu)]. The angiogenic response to 8,9-EET in the presence of PDBu was 3-fold that elicited by 8,9-EET stabilized with a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor (TUCB). Contributing to this response was the COX-2 metabolite of 8,9-EET, the 11-hydroxy-8,9-EET (8,9,11-EHET), which exogenously enhanced angiogenic responses in HAECs at levels comparable to those elicited by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In contrast, the 15-hydroxy-8,9-EET isomer was also formed but inactive. The 8,9,11-EHET also promoted expression of the VEGF family of tyrosine kinase receptors. These results indicate that 8,9-EET-stimulated angiogenesis is enhanced by COX-2 metabolism in the endothelium through the formation of 8,9,11-EHET. This alternative pathway for the metabolism of 8,9-EET may be particularly important in regulating angiogenesis under circumstances in which COX-2 is induced, such as in cancer tumor growth and inflammation.
环氧二十碳三烯酸(EETs)是由细胞色素 P450 代谢花生四烯酸形成的。EETs 促进与各种癌症模型中肿瘤生长相关的血管生成,而 COX-2(环氧化酶 2)抑制剂可在体内减弱这种作用。本研究进一步明确了 COX-2 在介导促进血管生成的内皮细胞 EET 代谢中的作用。使用人主动脉内皮细胞(HAECs),我们在存在和不存在 COX-2 诱导剂[佛波醇 12,13-二丁酸酯(PDBu)]的情况下,对 8,9-EET 诱导的管形成和细胞迁移进行了定量,以此作为血管生成潜力的指标。在 PDBu 存在的情况下,8,9-EET 的血管生成反应是 8,9-EET 稳定的可溶性环氧化物水解酶抑制剂(TUCB)引起的反应的 3 倍。促成这种反应的是 8,9-EET 的 COX-2 代谢产物,即 11-羟基-8,9-EET(8,9,11-EHET),它在外源性增强 HAECs 的血管生成反应方面的水平可与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)相当。相比之下,还形成了 15-羟基-8,9-EET 异构体,但无活性。11-羟基-8,9-EET 还促进了 VEGF 家族酪氨酸激酶受体的表达。这些结果表明,8,9-EET 刺激的血管生成通过在内皮细胞中形成 8,9,11-EHET 而被 COX-2 代谢增强。8,9-EET 代谢的这种替代途径在 COX-2 诱导的情况下,如在癌症肿瘤生长和炎症中,可能对调节血管生成特别重要。