Gao Fangyuan, Jiao Fenglong, Zhang Yangjun, Qin Weijie, Qian Xiaohong
State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences(Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing 102206, China.
Se Pu. 2019 Oct 8;37(10):1071-1083. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2019.02007.
Exosomes are vesicles secreted by many types of cells through exocytosis, and their sizes range from 30 to 200 nm. Exosomes consist of a lipid bilayer membrane, containing a number of bioactive molecules, e. g., proteins, ribose nucleic acid (RNA), and deoxyribo nucleic acid (DNA) derived from the cell of origin. As intercellular communication carriers, exosomes participate in many physiological and pathological processes. Because of the complexity of body fluids, as well as the small size and low density of exosomes, the isolation of exosomes is an essential and challenging step before subsequent analysis and functional studies. This review summarizes the advances in the analytical approaches, characterization methods, biological functions and clinical applications of exosomes, with particular emphasis on exosomes isolation techniques.
外泌体是多种类型细胞通过胞吐作用分泌的囊泡，其大小范围为30至200纳米。外泌体由脂质双分子层膜组成，包含许多生物活性分子，例如源自其来源细胞的蛋白质、核糖核酸（RNA）和脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）。作为细胞间通讯载体，外泌体参与许多生理和病理过程。由于体液的复杂性，以及外泌体的小尺寸和低密度，在外泌体进行后续分析和功能研究之前，其分离是一个必不可少且具有挑战性的步骤。本文综述了外泌体的分析方法、表征方法、生物学功能及临床应用方面的进展，尤其着重于外泌体的分离技术。
