International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India.
Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India.
J Biosoc Sci. 2020 Sep;52(5):629-649. doi: 10.1017/S0021932019000671. Epub 2019 Oct 24.
In India, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) accounted for nearly 62% of all deaths in 2016. Four NCDs - high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease - together accounted for over 34% of these deaths. Using data from two rounds of the India Human Development Surveys (IHDSs), levels and changes in the prevalence rates of the four NCDs (based on diagnosed cases) among adults aged 15-69 years in India between 2004-05 and 2011-12 were examined by socioeconomic and demographic factors and for five broad occupation categories. The socioeconomic and demographic risk factors for each of these NCDs were determined using multiple linear logistic regression analysis of pooled data from two rounds of the IHDS. The results showed that while urban residence, age, female sex and education were associated with higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease, household economic status was associated with higher odds for all four NCDs. Furthermore, increased higher odds of high blood pressure, diabetes and heart disease were found for the legislator/senior official/professional occupation group compared with non-workers. Skilled agricultural/elementary workers had lower odds of high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma and heart disease. Craft/machine-related trade workers had higher odds of high blood pressure and diabetes, and reduced odds of asthma and heart disease. Compared with non-workers, the odds ratios for asthma were lower for all other occupational categories. During the two study decades, the Government of India implemented several programmes designed to improve the health and well-being of its people. However, more focused attention on the adult population is needed, and special attention should be paid to the issue of the occupational health of the working population through the strict implementation of work place safety protocols and the removal of potential health hazards.
在 2016 年，印度非传染性疾病（NCDs）导致的死亡人数占比接近 62%。四种 NCDs（高血压、糖尿病、哮喘和心脏病）共同导致了超过 34%的死亡人数。本研究使用两轮印度人类发展调查（IHDS）的数据，研究了 2004-05 年至 2011-12 年期间印度 15-69 岁成年人中四种 NCD（基于确诊病例）的流行率水平和变化，并根据社会经济和人口统计学因素以及五类广泛的职业类别进行了分析。使用两轮 IHDS 汇总数据，采用多元线性逻辑回归分析确定了这些 NCD 中的每一种的社会经济和人口统计学风险因素。结果表明，城市居住、年龄、女性和教育与高血压、糖尿病和心脏病的高患病风险有关，而家庭经济状况与四种 NCD 的高患病风险有关。此外，与非劳动者相比，立法者/高级官员/专业人员的高血压、糖尿病和心脏病患病风险更高。熟练农业/初级工人的高血压、糖尿病和心脏病患病风险较低。手工艺/机器相关行业工人的高血压和糖尿病患病风险较高，哮喘和心脏病患病风险较低。与非劳动者相比，所有其他职业类别的哮喘患病风险比均较低。在过去的二十年中，印度政府实施了多项旨在改善人民健康和福祉的计划。然而，需要更加关注成年人群体，通过严格执行工作场所安全协议和消除潜在的健康危害，特别关注劳动人口的职业健康问题。
