Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Laboratory for Intestinal Ecosystem, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
Traffic. 2020 Jan;21(1):34-44. doi: 10.1111/tra.12707. Epub 2019 Nov 28.
Mucosal immune responses in the inductive lymphoid tissues of the intestine begin with uptake of particulate antigens, including components of the gut microbiota by specialized antigen sampling M cells. M cells represent a distinct lineage of enterocytes that arise from crypt stem cells in response to the cytokine receptor of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Full differentiation of M cells requires the transcription factor Spi-B to yield mature M cells that express multiple receptors for bacteria including glycoprotein 2. M cell differentiation can be recapitulated in vitro using three-dimensional enteroid cultures of primary intestinal stem cells supplemented with RANKL. This article summarizes the current knowledge about the genesis of intestinal M cells and highlights some of the remaining unanswered questions about this enigmatic cell type.
肠道诱导性淋巴组织中的黏膜免疫反应始于颗粒性抗原的摄取，包括肠道微生物群的成分，由专门的抗原采样 M 细胞摄取。M 细胞是一种独特的肠细胞谱系，它起源于隐窝干细胞，对 NF-κB 配体（RANKL）的细胞因子受体作出反应。M 细胞的完全分化需要转录因子 Spi-B，以产生表达多种细菌受体的成熟 M 细胞，包括糖蛋白 2。M 细胞的分化可以使用补充了 RANKL 的原发性肠干细胞的三维肠类器官培养物在体外再现。本文总结了目前关于肠道 M 细胞发生的知识，并强调了关于这种神秘细胞类型的一些未解决的问题。
