Powell John
Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
J Med Internet Res. 2019 Oct 28;21(10):e16222. doi: 10.2196/16222.
Over the next decade, one issue which will dominate sociotechnical studies in health informatics is the extent to which the promise of artificial intelligence in health care will be realized, along with the social and ethical issues which accompany it. A useful thought experiment is the application of the Turing test to user-facing artificial intelligence systems in health care (such as chatbots or conversational agents). In this paper I argue that many medical decisions require value judgements and the doctor-patient relationship requires empathy and understanding to arrive at a shared decision, often handling large areas of uncertainty and balancing competing risks. Arguably, medicine requires wisdom more than intelligence, artificial or otherwise. Artificial intelligence therefore needs to supplement rather than replace medical professionals, and identifying the complementary positioning of artificial intelligence in medical consultation is a key challenge for the future. In health care, artificial intelligence needs to pass the implementation game, not the imitation game.
在接下来的十年里，一个将主导健康信息学社会技术研究的问题是，医疗保健领域人工智能的前景能在多大程度上得以实现，以及随之而来的社会和伦理问题。一个有用的思想实验是将图灵测试应用于医疗保健中面向用户的人工智能系统（如聊天机器人或对话代理）。在本文中，我认为许多医疗决策需要价值判断，医患关系需要同理心和理解才能达成共同决策，这通常要处理大量的不确定性并平衡相互竞争的风险。可以说，医学需要的是智慧而非智能，无论是人工的还是其他的。因此，人工智能需要补充而不是取代医学专业人员，确定人工智能在医疗咨询中的互补定位是未来的一项关键挑战。在医疗保健领域，人工智能需要通过实施游戏，而不是模仿游戏。
