Antimicrobial Resistance of Human Species Infections in Saskatchewan, Canada (1999-2006): A Historical Provincial Collection of All Reported Cases.

To describe a historical baseline of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles for human clinical species isolates obtained by laboratory surveillance in the province of Saskatchewan from 1999 to 2006; to determine if there were differences in resistance between and ; and to determine if there were changes in the annual resistance levels in the two species. One thousand three hundred seventy-eight isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the E-test method. Annual resistance levels in and were compared using logistic regression models. One thousand two hundred (87.1%) isolates were and 129 (9.4%) were . Resistance in isolates included ciprofloxacin (CIP: 9.4%), erythromycin (ERY: 0.5%), and tetracycline (33.3%). CIP resistance in was higher in 1999 (15.5%, odds ratio [OR] = 3.96,  = 0.01), 2000 (12.7%, OR = 3.10,  = 0.01), 2005 (10.2%, OR = 2.47,  = 0.05), and 2006 (13.0%, OR = 3.22,  = 0.01) compared with 2004 (4.4%). had significantly higher CIP resistance (15.5%, OR = 1.78,  = 0.03), ERY resistance (13.2%, OR = 60.12,  < 0.01), multidrug resistance (2.3%, OR = 36.29,  < 0.01), and CIP-ERY resistance (3.1%, OR = 50.23,  < 0.01) compared with . This represents the first and most current report of AMR of the collective human isolates from a province in Canada and provides a baseline against which current and future resistance patterns can be compared. Fluoroquinolone resistance in isolates fluctuated from 1999 to 2006, including an increased prevalence in 2005-2006, while macrolide/lincosamide resistance remained very low. Human clinical isolates from Saskatchewan demonstrated resistance to multiple antimicrobials but had significantly less fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance than isolates.