Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195.
Department of Neuroscience and Center for Learning and Memory, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712.
J Neurosci. 2019 Dec 11;39(50):10019-10033. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1642-19.2019. Epub 2019 Oct 29.
Sensory systems encounter remarkably diverse stimuli in the external environment. Natural stimuli exhibit timescales and amplitudes of variation that span a wide range. Mechanisms of adaptation, a ubiquitous feature of sensory systems, allow for the accommodation of this range of scales. Are there common rules of adaptation across different sensory modalities? We measured the membrane potential responses of individual neurons in the visual, somatosensory, and auditory cortices of male and female mice to discrete, punctate stimuli delivered at a wide range of fixed and nonfixed frequencies. We find that the adaptive profile of the response is largely preserved across these three areas, exhibiting attenuation and responses to the cessation of stimulation, which are signatures of response to changes in stimulus statistics. We demonstrate that these adaptive responses can emerge from a simple model based on the integration of fixed filters operating over multiple time scales. Our recent sensations affect our current expectations and perceptions of the environment. Neural correlates of this process exist throughout the brain and are loosely termed adaptation. Adaptive processes have been described across sensory cortices, but direct comparisons of these processes have not been possible because paradigms have been tailored specifically for each modality. We developed a common stimulus set that was used to characterize adaptation in somatosensory, visual, and auditory cortex. We describe here the similarities and differences in adaptation across these cortical areas and demonstrate that adaptive responses may emerge from a set of static filters that operate over a broad range of timescales.
感觉系统在外部环境中遇到的刺激非常多样。自然刺激表现出的时间尺度和幅度变化范围很广。适应机制是感觉系统的一个普遍特征，它允许适应这种范围的尺度。不同感觉模态之间是否存在共同的适应规则？我们测量了雄性和雌性小鼠视觉、躯体感觉和听觉皮层中单个神经元对离散点状刺激的膜电位反应，这些刺激以广泛的固定和非固定频率传递。我们发现，反应的适应特征在这三个区域中基本保持不变，表现出对刺激停止的衰减和反应，这是对刺激统计变化的反应的特征。我们证明，这些适应性反应可以从一个基于多个时间尺度上固定滤波器积分的简单模型中产生。我们最近的感觉会影响我们当前对环境的期望和感知。这一过程的神经相关性存在于整个大脑中，通常被称为适应。适应过程已在感觉皮层中得到描述，但由于每种模式都有特定的适应范式，因此这些过程的直接比较是不可能的。我们开发了一个通用的刺激集，用于描述躯体感觉、视觉和听觉皮层中的适应。我们在这里描述了这些皮层区域中适应的相似和不同之处，并证明适应性反应可能来自一组在广泛的时间尺度上运行的静态滤波器。
