Department of Clinical Biochemistry, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2020 Mar;57(2):114-125. doi: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1678565. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), also known as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene (NAG-1) has been identified as a biomarker of response to treatment and prognosis in cardiovascular diseases. GDF-15 is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is involved in several pathological conditions such as inflammation, cancer, cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal diseases. Cardiac myocytes produce and secrete GDF-15 in response to oxidative stress, stimulation with angiotensin II or proinflammatory cytokines, ischemia, and mechanical stretch. Other cellular sources of GDF-15 production are macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, which secrete GDF-15 in response to oxidative or metabolic stress or stimulation of proinflammatory cytokines. GDF-15 is induced in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy after volume overload, ischemia, and heart failure. GDF-15 can be used as a marker of prognosis in patients with cardiovascular disorders, in combination with conventional prognostic factors, such as N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT).
生长分化因子 15（GDF-15），也被称为巨噬细胞抑制细胞因子-1（MIC-1）或非甾体抗炎药激活基因（NAG-1），已被确定为心血管疾病治疗反应和预后的生物标志物。GDF-15 是转化生长因子-β超家族的成员，涉及多种病理情况，如炎症、癌症、心血管、肺和肾脏疾病。心肌细胞在氧化应激、血管紧张素 II 或促炎细胞因子刺激、缺血和机械拉伸时产生和分泌 GDF-15。GDF-15 的其他细胞来源是巨噬细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞和脂肪细胞，它们在氧化或代谢应激或促炎细胞因子刺激下分泌 GDF-15。在容量超负荷、缺血和心力衰竭后，肥厚性扩张型心肌病中会诱导 GDF-15。GDF-15 可与传统预后因素（如 N 端脑利钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）和高敏肌钙蛋白 T（hs-TnT））结合，作为心血管疾病患者预后的标志物。
