Wollert Kai C, Kempf Tibor
Division of Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2012 Dec;9(4):337-45. doi: 10.1007/s11897-012-0113-9.
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a stress-responsive cytokine expressed in the cardiovascular system. GDF-15 is emerging as a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk and disease burden. GDF-15 integrates information from cardiac and extracardiac disease pathways that are linked to the incidence, progression, and prognosis of heart failure (HF). Increased circulating levels of GDF-15 are associated with an increased risk of developing HF in apparently healthy individuals from the community. After an acute coronary syndrome, elevated levels of GDF-15 are indicative of an increased risk of developing adverse left ventricular remodeling and HF. In patients with established HF, the levels of GDF-15 and increases in GDF-15 over time are associated with adverse outcomes. The information provided by GDF-15 is independent of established risk factors and cardiac biomarkers, including BNP. More studies are needed to elucidate how the information provided by GDF-15 can be used for patient monitoring and formulating treatment decisions. Further understanding of the pathobiology of GDF-15 may lead to the discovery of new treatment targets in HF.
生长分化因子15（GDF - 15）是一种在心血管系统中表达的应激反应细胞因子。GDF - 15正逐渐成为心脏代谢风险和疾病负担的生物标志物。GDF - 15整合了来自与心力衰竭（HF）的发生、发展及预后相关的心脏和心脏外疾病途径的信息。在社区中看似健康的个体中，循环中GDF - 15水平升高与发生HF的风险增加相关。急性冠状动脉综合征后，GDF - 15水平升高表明发生不良左心室重构和HF的风险增加。在已确诊HF的患者中，GDF - 15水平及其随时间的升高与不良结局相关。GDF - 15提供的信息独立于包括脑钠肽（BNP）在内的既定风险因素和心脏生物标志物。需要更多研究来阐明如何将GDF - 15提供的信息用于患者监测和制定治疗决策。对GDF - 15病理生物学的进一步了解可能会促成HF新治疗靶点的发现。
