Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
Department of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Endocrine. 2023 Sep;81(3):419-431. doi: 10.1007/s12020-023-03377-9. Epub 2023 May 2.
Human growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is a widely distributed protein that has shown to play multiple roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. In healthy individuals, GDF-15 is mainly expressed in the placenta, followed by the prostate, although low levels of expression have also been detected in different organs. GDF-15 acts through a recently identified receptor called glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) receptor alpha-like (GFRAL) which signals through the rearranged during transfection (RET) tyrosine kinase receptor. The effects of GDF-15 are pleiotropic and include appetite regulation, and actions on metabolism, pregnancy, cell survival, immune response, and inflammation. GDF-15 also plays different roles in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity, cancer-associated anorexia/cachexia, and diabetes. In recent years, several studies have reported a link between GDF-15 and the endocrine system. In this review, we up-date and summarize the relevant investigations of the relationships between GDF-15 and different endocrine conditions. We also assess the potential pathogenic role and potential therapeutic applications of GDF-15 in the field of endocrinology.
人生长分化因子 15（GDF-15）是一种广泛分布的蛋白质，已证明在生理和病理条件下发挥多种作用。在健康个体中，GDF-15 主要在胎盘表达，其次是前列腺，尽管在不同的器官中也检测到低水平的表达。GDF-15 通过最近鉴定的一种称为胶质细胞衍生的神经营养因子（GDNF）受体α样（GFRAL）的受体起作用，该受体通过转染（RET）酪氨酸激酶受体信号传导。GDF-15 的作用是多效的，包括食欲调节，以及对代谢、妊娠、细胞存活、免疫反应和炎症的作用。GDF-15 在心血管疾病、自身免疫、癌症相关厌食/恶病质和糖尿病的病理生理学中也发挥不同的作用。近年来，有几项研究报告了 GDF-15 与内分泌系统之间的联系。在这篇综述中，我们更新并总结了 GDF-15 与不同内分泌状况之间关系的相关研究。我们还评估了 GDF-15 在内分泌学领域的潜在致病作用和潜在治疗应用。
