Huffman Fatma G, Vallasciani Maria, Vaccaro Joan A, Exebio Joel C, Zarini Gustavo G, Nayer Ali, Ajabshir Sahar
Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Florida International University, Miami, USA.
Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, Miami, USA.
J Diabetes Mellitus. 2013 Nov;3(4):236-243. doi: 10.4236/jdm.2013.34036.
Diabetes and diabetes-related complications are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Depressive symptoms and perceived stress have been identified as possible risk factors for beta cell dysfunction and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to assess associations between depression symptoms and perceived stress with beta cell function between African and Haitian Americans with and without type 2 diabetes.
Informed consent and data were available for 462 participants (231 African Americans and 231 Haitian Americans) for this cross-sectional study. A demographic questionnaire developed by the Primary Investigator was used to collect information regarding age, gender, smoking, and ethnicity. Diabetes status was determined by self-report and confirmed by fasting blood glucose. Anthropometrics (weight, and height and waist circumference) and vital signs (blood pressure) were taken. Blood samples were drawn after 8 - 10 hours over-night fasting to measure lipid panel, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations. The homeostatic model assessment, version 2 (HOMA2) computer model was used to calculate beta cell function. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and stress levels were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS).
Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were more likely for persons with diabetes (p = 0.030). There were no differences in perceived stress between ethnicity and diabetes status (p = 0.283). General linear models for participants with and without type 2 diabetes using beta cell function as the dependent variable showed no association with depressive symptoms and perceived stress; however, Haitian Americans had significantly lower beta cell function than African Americans both with and without diabetes and adjusting for age, gender, waist circumference and smoking. Further research is needed to compare these risk factors in other race/ethnic groups.
糖尿病及与糖尿病相关的并发症是美国发病和死亡的主要原因。抑郁症状和感知压力已被确定为β细胞功能障碍和糖尿病的可能危险因素。本研究的目的是评估有或无2型糖尿病的非裔美国人和海地裔美国人中抑郁症状及感知压力与β细胞功能之间的关联。
本横断面研究纳入了462名参与者（231名非裔美国人和231名海地裔美国人），他们均签署了知情同意书并提供了数据。由首席研究员编制的一份人口统计学调查问卷用于收集有关年龄、性别、吸烟和种族的信息。糖尿病状态通过自我报告确定，并经空腹血糖证实。测量了人体测量指标（体重、身高和腰围）及生命体征（血压）。在禁食8 - 10小时过夜后采集血样，以测量血脂、空腹血糖和血清胰岛素浓度。使用稳态模型评估版本2（HOMA2）计算机模型计算β细胞功能。使用贝克抑郁量表第二版（BDI-II）评估抑郁情况，使用感知压力量表（PSS）评估压力水平。
糖尿病患者出现中度至重度抑郁症状的可能性更大（p = 0.030）。种族和糖尿病状态之间的感知压力无差异（p = 0.283）。以β细胞功能为因变量，对有或无2型糖尿病的参与者进行的一般线性模型显示，与抑郁症状和感知压力无关联；然而，无论有无糖尿病，在调整年龄、性别、腰围和吸烟因素后，海地裔美国人的β细胞功能均显著低于非裔美国人。需要进一步研究以比较其他种族/族裔群体中的这些危险因素。
