DEPROT/UFRGS (Industrial Engineering and Transportation Department), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Osvaldo Aranha, 99, 5. Andar, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-190, Brazil.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Eudossiana, 18, Rome, 00184, Italy.
Appl Ergon. 2020 Jan;82:102980. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102980. Epub 2019 Oct 26.
Although the modelling of interactions has long been at the core of socio-technical systems theory, and is a key for understanding resilience, there is a lack of a holistic taxonomy of interactions. This study introduces a taxonomy of interactions to be used in association with the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM). The taxonomy has nine criteria: nature of agents, output nature, levelling, waiting time, distance, degree of coupling, visibility, safety and/or security hazards, and parallel replications. For each criterion, two descriptors are proposed: what the interaction looks like; and - when applicable - the variability level of the interaction. The use of the taxonomy is presented for three systems with clearly distinct complexity characteristics: cash withdrawal from an ATM, teaching a university course, and manufacturing operations. These case studies indicate the usefulness of the taxonomy for the identification of leverage points in work system design. They also show the value of modelling the variability of the interactions in FRAM models, in addition to the traditional modelling of the variability of the outputs of functions. Implications of the taxonomy for resilience engineering are discussed.
虽然交互作用的建模一直是社会技术系统理论的核心，也是理解弹性的关键，但缺乏一种全面的交互作用分类法。本研究引入了一种交互作用分类法，用于与功能共振分析方法（FRAM）一起使用。该分类法有九个标准：主体的性质、输出的性质、均衡、等待时间、距离、耦合程度、可见性、安全和/或安全隐患，以及并行复制。对于每个标准，都提出了两个描述符：交互的外观；以及 - 在适用的情况下 - 交互的可变性水平。该分类法的使用展示了三个具有明显不同复杂性特征的系统：从自动取款机取款、教授大学课程和制造业务。这些案例研究表明，该分类法对于识别工作系统设计中的杠杆点非常有用。它们还表明，除了对功能输出的可变性进行传统建模之外，在 FRAM 模型中对交互作用的可变性进行建模也很有价值。还讨论了该分类法对弹性工程的意义。
