Lovell Monica E, Akhurst Jane, Padgett Christine, Garry Michael I, Matthews Allison
Division of Psychology.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2020 Aug;28(4):471-494. doi: 10.1037/pha0000326. Epub 2019 Oct 31.
Despite research advances, it remains unclear if long-term, regular cannabis use harms cognition once intoxication has passed. Our meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between cognitive functioning and long-term (mean ≥2 years), regular (mean ≥4 days/week), recreational cannabis use in adults during abstinence (mean ≥12 hr). We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Dissertations and Theses International for English-language articles from the date each database began until May 22, 2019. We identified study inclusion by completing abstract and full text screening using predetermined criteria and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis guidelines. We classified cognitive performance into 6 cognitive domains (attention, executive function, learning and memory, decision making, information processing, and working memory), and included a global measure. Effect sizes were calculated for each domain using univariate meta-analyses. There were 30 studies with a total 849 participants who used cannabis (M = 30.7-years-old, SD = 5.5-years-old) and 764 control participants (M = 30.3-years-old, SD = 5.9-years-old). Cannabis was associated with significant but small-magnitude deficits in executive function, learning and memory, and global cognition, while decision making had moderate deficits. There were small-magnitude and nonsignificant group differences for information processing, working memory, and attention. Cannabis use duration, age of onset, and prolonged abstinence (≥25 days) did not influence outcomes, except group differences in executive function were nonsignificant in analyses of prolonged abstinence. Our results suggest that long-term, regular cannabis use is associated with small to moderate deficits in some cognitive domains. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
尽管研究取得了进展，但长期、规律使用大麻，在中毒反应消退后是否会损害认知仍不明确。我们的荟萃分析旨在调查成年人在禁欲期（平均≥12小时）长期（平均≥2年）、规律（平均≥4天/周）、娱乐性使用大麻与认知功能之间的关联。我们在PubMed、PsycINFO、CINAHL、Scopus以及国际学位论文数据库中搜索了从每个数据库创建之日起至2019年5月22日的英文文章。我们通过使用预定标准以及系统评价与荟萃分析的首选报告项目指南完成摘要和全文筛选来确定纳入研究。我们将认知表现分为6个认知领域（注意力、执行功能、学习与记忆、决策、信息处理和工作记忆），并纳入一项整体测量。使用单变量荟萃分析计算每个领域的效应量。共有30项研究，其中849名使用大麻的参与者（年龄M = 30.7岁，标准差SD = 5.5岁），764名对照参与者（年龄M = 30.3岁，标准差SD = 5.9岁）。大麻与执行功能、学习与记忆以及整体认知方面显著但程度较小的缺陷有关，而决策方面存在中度缺陷。在信息处理、工作记忆和注意力方面，组间差异程度较小且不显著。大麻使用时长、开始使用年龄以及延长禁欲期（≥25天）均未影响结果，但在延长禁欲期的分析中，执行功能的组间差异不显著。我们的结果表明，长期、规律使用大麻与某些认知领域中程度较小至中度的缺陷有关。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2020美国心理学会，保留所有权利）
