Université Côte d'Azur, INRA, CNRS, ISA, 06 903 Sophia Antipolis, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Oct 29;11(11):629. doi: 10.3390/toxins11110629.
Parasitoid wasps rely primarily on venom to suppress the immune response and regulate the physiology of their host. Intraspecific variability of venom protein composition has been documented in some species, but its evolutionary potential is poorly understood. We performed an experimental evolution initiated with the crosses of two lines of of different venom composition to generate variability and create new combinations of venom factors. The offspring were maintained for 10 generations on two strains of differing in resistance/susceptibility to the parental parasitoid lines. The venom composition of individuals was characterized by a semi-automatic analysis of 1D SDS-PAGE electrophoresis protein profiles whose accuracy was checked by Western blot analysis of well-characterized venom proteins. Results made evident a rapid and differential evolution of the venom composition on both hosts and showed that the proteins beneficial on one host can be costly on the other. Overall, we demonstrated the capacity of rapid evolution of the venom composition in parasitoid wasps, important regulators of arthropod populations, suggesting a potential for adaptation to new hosts. Our approach also proved relevant in identifying, among the diversity of venom proteins, those possibly involved in parasitism success and whose role deserves to be deepened.
寄生蜂主要依赖毒液来抑制宿主的免疫反应和调节其生理机能。一些物种的毒液蛋白组成存在种内变异性，但毒液的进化潜力仍知之甚少。我们通过对两种毒液成分不同的品系进行杂交，启动了一个实验进化，以产生变异性并创造新的毒液因子组合。后代在对亲本寄生蜂系具有抗性/敏感性不同的两种 上维持了 10 代。通过 1D SDS-PAGE 电泳蛋白图谱的半自动分析来描述个体的毒液成分，其准确性通过对经过充分表征的毒液蛋白的 Western blot 分析进行检查。结果明显表明毒液成分在两种宿主上的快速和差异进化，并且表明在一种宿主上有益的蛋白质在另一种宿主上可能是昂贵的。总的来说，我们证明了寄生蜂毒液成分的快速进化能力，这是节肢动物种群的重要调节剂，表明了适应新宿主的潜力。我们的方法还证明了在识别毒液蛋白多样性方面的相关性，这些毒液蛋白可能与寄生成功有关，其作用值得进一步深入研究。
