UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Eur J Pediatr. 2020 Jan;179(1):121-131. doi: 10.1007/s00431-019-03465-x. Epub 2019 Nov 1.
Bone health is extremely important in early childhood because children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at a greater risk of bone fractures. While physical activity and intake of both calcium and vitamin D benefit BMD in older children, there is limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of diet, physical activity, and body composition on BMD at five years of age. Dietary intakes and physical activity levels were measured through questionnaires. Whole body BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 102 children. Child weight, height, circumferences, skinfolds and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations were assessed. There was no association between BMD and dietary calcium, dietary vitamin D, 25OHD, physical activity, or sedentary behaviour. Several measures of body composition were significantly positively associated with BMD; however, neither fat mass nor lean body mass was associated with BMD.Conclusion: Although we found no association between self-reported dietary and lifestyle factors and bone health in early years, increased body size was linked with higher BMD. These findings are important as identifying modifiable factors that can improve bone health at a young age is of utmost importance.What is Known:• Bone health is extremely important in early childhood, as children with low bone mineral density (BMD) are at greater risk of bone fractures.• Physical activity has been found to be beneficial for bone health in adolescents, and body composition has also been associated with BMD in teenage years.• Limited research on the determinants of good bone health in early childhood.What is New:• No association between self-reported lifestyle and dietary factors with bone health in early childhood.• Increased body size was associated with higher BMD at five years of age.
骨骼健康在儿童早期极为重要，因为骨矿物质密度（BMD）较低的儿童骨折风险更高。虽然体育活动和钙与维生素 D 的摄入都有益于较大儿童的 BMD，但关于儿童早期骨骼健康良好的决定因素的研究有限。本横断面研究旨在探讨饮食、体力活动和身体成分对 5 岁时 BMD 的影响。通过问卷测量饮食摄入和体力活动水平。通过双能 X 射线吸收法测量 102 名儿童的全身 BMD。评估儿童体重、身高、周长、皮褶厚度和血清 25-羟维生素 D（25OHD）浓度。BMD 与饮食钙、饮食维生素 D、25OHD、体力活动或久坐行为之间没有关联。身体成分的几个指标与 BMD 呈显著正相关；然而，脂肪量和瘦体量均与 BMD 无关。结论：尽管我们发现儿童早期自我报告的饮食和生活方式因素与骨骼健康之间没有关联，但身体大小的增加与更高的 BMD 有关。这些发现很重要，因为确定可以改善年轻时骨骼健康的可改变因素至关重要。已知：• 骨骼健康在儿童早期极为重要，因为骨矿物质密度（BMD）较低的儿童骨折风险更高。• 已发现体力活动对青少年的骨骼健康有益，身体成分也与青少年的 BMD 有关。• 关于儿童早期骨骼健康良好的决定因素的研究有限。新发现：• 儿童早期自我报告的生活方式和饮食因素与骨骼健康之间没有关联。• 身体大小的增加与 5 岁时的 BMD 呈正相关。
