Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Suchdol, Prague, Czech Republic.
Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Oct 31;191(11):705. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7812-6.
The suitability of a reference element or normalizer used in assessing soil contamination levels using enrichment factor (EF) is important for soil quality assessment and monitoring. This study evaluated the results of using three reference elements Ti, Fe, and Zr for EF determination of Rb and Sr in soils within treated wastewater discharge vicinity, Central Botswana. The upper continental crust (UCC), world average values (WAV), and the local background values (LBV) were used in EF assessment of eight pedons. The elemental concentrations of the soils were determined with portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analyzer. Relationships between the elements were strongly significant between Rb and Ti (r = 0.600, p < 0.01), Rb and Fe (r = 0.735, p < 0.01), Sr and Ti (r = 0.545, p < 0.01), and Sr and Fe (r = 0.841, p < 0.01). Second-level correlation analysis between contamination factor (CF) and EF levels showed Zr as the best reference element for Rb and Sr in the soils. Results from this study provide baseline knowledge necessary for contamination assessment and monitoring of soils with similar environmental conditions.
在使用富集因子 (EF) 评估土壤污染水平时，参考元素或标准化元素的适用性对于土壤质量评估和监测非常重要。本研究评估了在博茨瓦纳中部处理废水排放附近的土壤中，使用三种参考元素 Ti、Fe 和 Zr 来确定 Rb 和 Sr 的 EF 的结果。使用上地壳 (UCC)、世界平均值 (WAV) 和当地背景值 (LBV) 评估了 8 个土样的 EF。土壤元素浓度使用便携式 X 射线荧光 (pXRF) 分析仪进行测定。Rb 和 Ti (r = 0.600, p < 0.01)、Rb 和 Fe (r = 0.735, p < 0.01)、Sr 和 Ti (r = 0.545, p < 0.01) 和 Sr 和 Fe (r = 0.841, p < 0.01) 之间的元素关系具有很强的显著性。二级相关性分析表明，在土壤中，Zr 是 Rb 和 Sr 的最佳参考元素。本研究结果为具有类似环境条件的土壤污染评估和监测提供了必要的基线知识。
