Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 240-8501, Japan; Department of Soil Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.
Department of Oceanography, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.
Sci Total Environ. 2015 Apr 15;512-513:94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.100. Epub 2015 Jan 20.
Soil pollution, influenced by both the natural and anthropogenic factors, significantly reduces environmental quality. In this study, six hazardous elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb) in 12 different land-use urban soils from Bangladesh were assessed. The ranges of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb in studied soils were 2.4-1258, 8.3-1044, 9.7-823, 8.7-277, 1.8-80 and 13-842 mg/kg, respectively. More than 70% of soil samples exceeded the Dutch target value for Ni, Cu, As, Cd and Pb concentration in soil, indicating a potential risk to the environment. Certain indices, including the enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (Cf(i)), were used to assess the ecological risk posed by hazardous elements in soils. The mean range of PLI was 1.5-10, indicating progressive deterioration of soil due to metal contamination. However, the Cf(i) values of Cd ranged from 3.7 to 35 revealed that the examined soils were strongly impacted by Cd. Considering the severity of potential ecological risk for single metal (Er(i)), the descending order of contaminants was Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr. In view of the potential ecological risk (PER), soils from all land uses showed considerable to very high potential ecological risk.
土壤污染受自然和人为因素的影响，显著降低了环境质量。本研究评估了来自孟加拉国 12 种不同土地利用城市土壤中的 6 种有害元素（Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd 和 Pb）。研究土壤中 Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd 和 Pb 的范围分别为 2.4-1258、8.3-1044、9.7-823、8.7-277、1.8-80 和 13-842mg/kg。超过 70%的土壤样本超过了荷兰对土壤中 Ni、Cu、As、Cd 和 Pb 浓度的目标值，表明对环境存在潜在风险。富集因子（EF）、污染负荷指数（PLI）和污染系数（Cf(i)）等某些指数用于评估土壤中有害元素对生态的风险。PLI 的平均值范围为 1.5-10，表明由于金属污染，土壤逐渐恶化。然而，Cd 的 Cf(i)值范围为 3.7 至 35，表明受检土壤受到 Cd 的强烈影响。考虑到单一金属（Er(i)）的潜在生态风险严重程度，污染物的顺序为 Cd>As>Cu>Pb>Ni>Cr。就潜在生态风险（PER）而言，所有土地利用类型的土壤都显示出相当大的甚至很高的潜在生态风险。
