Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;61(6):681-688. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13150. Epub 2019 Nov 1.
In a large body of previous research, cross-lagged panel models (CLPMs) have been used to provide empirical support for developmental models that posit a cascade from externalising-to-internalising problems. These developmental models, however, arguably refer to within-person processes whereas CLPMs provide a difficult-to-interpret blend of within- and between- person effects.
We used autoregressive latent trajectory models with structured residuals (ALT-SR) to evaluate whether there is evidence for externalising-to-internalising cascades at the within-person level when disaggregating between- and within- person effects. We used eight waves of data (age 7-15) from the Zurich Project on Social Development from Childhood to Adulthood (z-proso).
ALT-SR fit better than the corresponding CLPMs. Using an ALT-SR, we found evidence for externalising-to-internalising cascades, consistent with previous CLPM studies. However, we also found some evidence for effects in the ALT-SR that were not apparent in the CLPM, including a negative effect of externalising on internalising problems in adolescence. In addition, a negative effect of internalising on externalising problems in adolescence was found in both the CLPM and ALT-SR.
Within-person results were largely consistent with previous evidence from CLPMs; however, at the within-person level, externalising and internalising may negatively influence one another in adolescence.
在大量先前的研究中，交叉滞后面板模型（CLPM）被用于为从外化问题到内化问题的级联发展模型提供实证支持。然而，这些发展模型可以说是指个体内的过程，而 CLPM 提供了个体内和个体间效应的难以解释的混合。
我们使用具有结构残差的自回归潜轨迹模型（ALT-SR），当分解个体间和个体内效应时，评估在个体内水平上是否有外化到内化级联的证据。我们使用了来自苏黎世儿童到成年期社会发展项目（z-proso）的八轮数据（7-15 岁）。
ALT-SR 拟合度优于相应的 CLPM。使用 ALT-SR，我们发现了外化到内化级联的证据，与先前的 CLPM 研究一致。然而，我们也发现了一些在 CLPM 中不明显的 ALT-SR 效应的证据，包括外化对青少年内化问题的负面影响。此外，在 CLPM 和 ALT-SR 中都发现了内化对青少年外化问题的负面影响。
个体内结果在很大程度上与先前的 CLPM 证据一致；然而，在个体内水平上，外化和内化可能在青少年时期相互产生负面影响。
