Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Rome, Italy.
Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019 Nov;18(11):1201-1209. doi: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1688151. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
: Influenza vaccines are updated every year to match the vaccine strains with currently circulating viruses; consequently influenza vaccine effectiveness (IVE) has to be assessed annually.: A test-negative case-control study was conducted within the context of the Italian sentinel influenza surveillance network to estimate IVE by age group, virus subtype, and vaccine brand in medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza.: In Italy, the 2018/19 influenza season was characterized by the co-circulation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses. The adjusted IVE estimate in preventing influenza was moderate (44.8%, 95% CI: 18.8 to 62.5) against A(H1N1)pdm09, whereas there was no evidence of effectiveness (1.8%, 95% CI: -37.8 to 30.1) in persons affected by A(H3N2). IVE against A(H1N1)pdm09 decreased with age ranging from 65.7% to 13.1% among children/adolescents and elderly, respectively; moreover results suggest that Vaxigrip Tetra® was more effective against A(H1N1)pdm09 compared to Fluarix Tetra® [62.5% (95% CI: 34.3 to 78.6) vs 24.5% (95% CI: -40.6 to 59.6)]. Low effectiveness (35.2%, 95% CI: -50.8 to 72.1) against A(H3N2) was detected only in the elderly immunized with Fluad®.: Findings suggest that influenza vaccines were low to moderately effective, probably due to a mismatch between circulating and vaccine strains.
流感疫苗每年都会更新，以使其与当前流行的病毒株相匹配；因此，每年都需要评估流感疫苗的有效性（IVE）。：在意大利哨兵流感监测网络的背景下进行了一项病例对照研究，以按年龄组、病毒亚型和疫苗品牌评估 IVE 在医疗就诊的实验室确诊流感中的作用。：在意大利，2018/19 流感季节的特征是甲型 H1N1pdm09 和甲型 H3N2 病毒的共同流行。预防甲型 H1N1pdm09 感染的调整后 IVE 估计值适中（44.8%，95%CI：18.8 至 62.5），而甲型 H3N2 感染者的有效性证据为零（1.8%，95%CI：-37.8 至 30.1）。针对甲型 H1N1pdm09 的 IVE 随着年龄的增长而降低，在儿童/青少年和老年人中分别为 65.7%至 13.1%；此外，结果表明 Vaxigrip Tetra® 对甲型 H1N1pdm09 的效果优于 Fluarix Tetra®[62.5%（95%CI：34.3 至 78.6）比 24.5%（95%CI：-40.6 至 59.6）]。仅在接种 Fluad®的老年人中检测到针对甲型 H3N2 的低有效性（35.2%，95%CI：-50.8 至 72.1）。：结果表明，流感疫苗的有效性较低或中等，可能是由于循环病毒株与疫苗株不匹配所致。
