Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Larkin Community Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
Int J Dermatol. 2020 Jun;59(6):647-655. doi: 10.1111/ijd.14703. Epub 2019 Nov 4.
Antibiotics are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide but can lead to numerous cutaneous adverse events. Cutaneous adverse drug reactions can range from a common and low-risk morbilliform eruption to severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) such as toxic epidermal necrolysis. In the hospital setting, patients often start a myriad of new drugs and may be on multiple antibiotics when the dermatologist is consulted. With the current lack of commercially available testing for delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, etiologic confirmation is challenging. While the Naranjo and other standardized assessment criteria are available, complete scoring is often impossible in hospitalized patients. Further, multiple drugs may have been initiated at the same time point. Therefore, the prevalence of antibiotic-associated drug eruptions often is required to facilitate causality assessments. This review summarizes the prevalence of morbilliform eruptions for the most frequently prescribed antibiotics based upon systematic reviews, retrospective, and prospective analyses, with case series and reports providing other salient details.
抗生素是全球最常用的处方药物之一，但会导致许多皮肤不良反应。皮肤药物不良反应的范围从常见且低风险的麻疹样发疹到严重的皮肤不良反应（SCAR），如中毒性表皮坏死松解症。在医院环境中，当皮肤科医生就诊时，患者通常会开始使用大量新药，并且可能同时使用多种抗生素。由于目前缺乏用于迟发型超敏反应的商业检测，确定病因具有挑战性。虽然有 Naranjo 等标准化评估标准，但在住院患者中，通常无法进行完整评分。此外，可能同时启动了多种药物。因此，需要了解抗生素相关药物疹的流行情况，以促进因果关系评估。本综述总结了基于系统评价、回顾性和前瞻性分析、病例系列和报告提供其他重要细节的最常开处方抗生素的麻疹样发疹的流行情况。
