Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Omics Services Inc., Wooster, OH, USA.
Pestic Biochem Physiol. 2019 Nov;161:86-94. doi: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.06.003. Epub 2019 Aug 19.
While insecticide resistance presents a challenge for those intent on controlling insect populations, these challenges have also generated a set of tools that can be used to ask fundamental biological questions about that resistance. Numerous species of insects have evolved resistance to multiple classes of insecticides. Each one of these species and their respective resistant populations represent a potential tool for understanding the molecular basis of the evolution of resistance. However, in-laboratory maintenance of resistant insect populations (and their comparative susceptible populations) suitable for asking the needed set of questions around the molecular consequences of long-term pesticide exposure requires a significant, in places prohibitive, level of resources. Drosophila melanogaster (hereafter referred to as Drosophila) is a model insect system with populations easily selected with pesticides and readily maintainable over decades. Even within Drosophila, however, few populations exist where long-term pesticide selection has occurred along with contrasting non-selected population. As such, the Drosophila 91-C and 91-R populations, which exhibit insecticide resistance to DDT (91-R), compared to a non-selection population (91-C), represent a unique resource for the study of high level DDT resistance. Moreover, with the availability of "omics" technologies over the past several decades, this paired population has emerged as a useful tool for understanding both the molecular basis of pesticide resistance and the molecular consequences of long-term pesticide exposure. In this review, we summarize the studies with these aforementioned populations over the past several decades, addressing what has been learned from these efforts.
虽然杀虫剂抗性给那些试图控制昆虫种群的人带来了挑战，但这些挑战也产生了一系列工具，可以用来提出关于这种抗性的一些基本生物学问题。许多种昆虫已经对多种类别的杀虫剂产生了抗性。这些物种中的每一种及其各自的抗性种群都代表了一种潜在的工具，可以帮助我们理解抗性进化的分子基础。然而，为了提出关于长期农药暴露的分子后果所需的一整套问题，在实验室中维持适合的抗性昆虫种群（及其相应的敏感种群）需要大量的资源，在某些情况下甚至是禁止的。黑腹果蝇（以下简称果蝇）是一种模型昆虫系统，其种群很容易用杀虫剂选择，并且可以在数十年内很容易地维持。然而，即使在果蝇中，也很少有长期使用杀虫剂选择并伴有对照非选择种群的种群存在。因此，具有滴滴涕（91-R）抗性的 91-C 和 91-R 种群与非选择种群（91-C）相比，代表了研究高水平滴滴涕抗性的独特资源。此外，在过去几十年中，随着“组学”技术的出现，这一对种群已经成为理解杀虫剂抗性的分子基础和长期接触杀虫剂的分子后果的有用工具。在这篇综述中，我们总结了过去几十年中对上述种群的研究，讨论了从这些研究中获得的知识。
