UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
Brain Struct Funct. 2019 Dec;224(9):3277-3289. doi: 10.1007/s00429-019-01972-z. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
Our sensory systems actively predict sensory information based on previously learnt patterns, which are continuously updated with information from the actual sensory input via prediction errors. Individuals with schizophrenia consistently show reduced auditory prediction errors as well as altered fractional anisotropy (indicative of white matter changes) in the arcuate fasciculus and the auditory interhemispheric pathway, both of which are auditory white matter pathways associated with prediction errors. However, it is not clear if healthy individuals with psychotic-like experiences exhibit similar deficits. Participants underwent electroencephalography (EEG) recordings while listening to a classical two-tone duration deviant oddball paradigm (n = 103) and a stochastic oddball paradigm (n = 89). A subset of participants (n = 89) also underwent diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Fractional anisotropy (FA), was extracted from the arcuate fasciculi and the auditory interhemispheric pathway. While prediction errors evoked by the classical oddball paradigm failed to reveal significant effects, the stochastic oddball paradigm elicited significant clusters at the typical mismatch negativity time window. Furthermore, we observed that FA of the arcuate fasciculi and auditory interhemispheric pathway significantly improved predictive models of psychotic-like experiences in healthy individuals over and above predictions made by auditory prediction error responses alone. Specifically, we observed that decreasing FA in the auditory interhemispheric pathway and reducing ability to learn stochastic irregularities are associated with increasing CAPE + scores. To the extent that these associations have previously been reported in patients with schizophrenia, the findings from this study suggest that both, auditory prediction errors and white matter changes in the auditory interhemispheric pathway, may have the potential to be translated into early screening markers for psychosis.
我们的感觉系统会根据先前学习到的模式主动预测感觉信息，这些模式会通过预测误差不断地从实际感觉输入中更新。精神分裂症患者的听觉预测误差持续降低，并且在弓状束和听觉半球间通路中的分数各向异性（指示白质变化）发生改变，这两个都是与预测误差相关的听觉白质通路。然而，是否具有精神病样体验的健康个体表现出类似的缺陷尚不清楚。参与者在听经典的两音时长偏离偶发范式（n=103）和随机偶发范式（n=89）时接受脑电图（EEG）记录。一部分参与者（n=89）还接受了弥散加权磁共振成像（MRI）检查。从弓状束和听觉半球间通路提取分数各向异性（FA）。虽然经典偶发范式诱发的预测误差没有显示出显著影响，但随机偶发范式在典型的失匹配负波时间窗口诱发了显著的簇。此外，我们观察到，在健康个体中，弓状束和听觉半球间通路的 FA 显著改善了精神病样体验的预测模型，超过了仅由听觉预测误差反应做出的预测。具体来说，我们观察到听觉半球间通路中的 FA 降低和随机不规则性学习能力降低与 CAPE+评分的增加有关。在某种程度上，这些关联以前在精神分裂症患者中已经报道过，本研究的结果表明，听觉预测误差和听觉半球间通路中的白质变化都有可能成为精神病的早期筛查标志物。
