Mallinson David C, Kamenetsky Maria E, Hagen Erika W, Peppard Paul E
Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Nat Sci Sleep. 2019 Sep 11;11:197-206. doi: 10.2147/NSS.S217867. eCollection 2019.
The sleep diary is the gold standard of self-reported sleep duration, but its comparability to sleep questionnaires is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to compare self-reported sleep duration between a sleep diary and a sleep questionnaire and to test whether sleep-related disorders were associated with diary-questionnaire differences in sleep duration.
We compared self-reported sleep duration from 5,432 questionnaire-sleep diary pairs in a longitudinal cohort of 1,516 adults. Participants reported sleep information in seven-day sleep diaries and in questionnaires. Research staff abstracted average sleep durations for three time periods (overall; weekday; weekend) from diaries and questionnaires. For each time period, we evaluated diary-questionnaire differences in sleep duration with Welch's two-sample -tests. Using linear mixed effects regression, we regressed overall diary-questionnaire sleep duration difference on several participant characteristics: reporting any insomnia symptoms, having sleep apnea, sex, body mass index, smoking status, Short Form-12 Physical Health Composite Score, and Short Form-12 Mental Health Composite Score.
The average diary-reported overall sleep duration (7.76 hrs) was longer than that of the questionnaire (7.07 hrs) by approximately 41 mins (0.69 hrs, 95% confidence interval: 0.62, 0.76 hrs). Results were consistent across weekday- and weekend-specific differences. Demographic-adjusted linear mixed effects models tested whether insomnia symptoms or sleep apnea were associated with diary-questionnaire differences in sleep duration. Insomnia symptoms were associated with a 17 min longer duration on the diary relative to the questionnaire (β=0.28 hrs, 95% confidence interval: 0.22, 0.33 hrs), but sleep apnea was not significantly associated with diary-questionnaire difference. Female sex was associated with greater diary-questionnaire duration differences, whereas better self-reported health was associated with lesser differences.
Diaries and questionnaires are somewhat disparate methods of assessing subjective sleep duration, although diaries report longer duration relative to questionnaires, and insomnia symptoms may contribute to greater perceived differences.
睡眠日记是自我报告睡眠时间的金标准，但其与睡眠问卷的可比性尚不确定。本研究的目的是比较睡眠日记和睡眠问卷中自我报告的睡眠时间，并测试与睡眠相关的障碍是否与日记 - 问卷在睡眠时间上的差异相关。
我们在一个由1516名成年人组成的纵向队列中，比较了5432对问卷 - 睡眠日记中自我报告的睡眠时间。参与者在七天的睡眠日记和问卷中报告睡眠信息。研究人员从日记和问卷中提取了三个时间段（总体；工作日；周末）的平均睡眠时间。对于每个时间段，我们使用韦尔奇两样本检验评估日记 - 问卷在睡眠时间上的差异。使用线性混合效应回归，我们将日记 - 问卷总体睡眠时间差异与几个参与者特征进行回归分析：报告任何失眠症状、患有睡眠呼吸暂停、性别、体重指数、吸烟状况、简短健康调查问卷12项身体综合评分和简短健康调查问卷12项心理综合评分。
日记报告的平均总体睡眠时间（7.76小时）比问卷报告的（7.07小时）长约41分钟（0.69小时，95%置信区间：0.62，0.76小时）。工作日和周末特定差异的结果一致。经人口统计学调整的线性混合效应模型测试了失眠症状或睡眠呼吸暂停是否与日记 - 问卷在睡眠时间上的差异相关。失眠症状与日记中比问卷中长17分钟的睡眠时间相关（β = 0.28小时，95%置信区间：0.22，0.33小时），但睡眠呼吸暂停与日记 - 问卷差异无显著关联。女性与日记 - 问卷的睡眠时间差异更大相关，而自我报告的健康状况越好，差异越小。
日记和问卷是评估主观睡眠时间的 somewhat disparate 方法，尽管日记报告的时间相对于问卷更长，并且失眠症状可能导致更大的感知差异。
