The age-related decline in organismal fitness results in vulnerability to pathologies and eventual lethal decay. One way to counteract cellular aging and to delay and/or prevent the onset of age-related maladies is the reduction of calorie intake or the institution of fasting regimens. Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs) have the ability to imitate the health-promoting and lifespan-extending effects of caloric restriction without the need for dietary restriction. CRMs induce an increase in autophagic flux in response to the deacetylation of cellular proteins in the absence of cytotoxicity. Here we report the development of a high-throughput discovery platform for novel CRMs that uses systems biology approaches, in vitro validation and functional tests employing in vivo disease models. This workflow led to the identification of 3,4-dimethoxychalcone (3,4-DC) as a novel CRM that stimulated TFEB (transcription factor EB)- and TFE3 (transcription factor E3)-dependent macroautophagy/autophagy. 3,4-DC showed cardioprotective effects and stimulated anticancer immunosurveillance in the context of immunogenic chemotherapy.