General Psychology, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
Professor Department of Psychology, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
J Sex Marital Ther. 2020;46(3):260-268. doi: 10.1080/0092623X.2019.1683665. Epub 2019 Nov 5.
The aim was to compare body image concern and gender identities between post-operative transgender and cisgender persons. Participants included 48 transgender persons (25 trans men, 23 trans women) and 48 cisgender persons (24 cismen, 24 ciswomen). The data were collected with Littleton's Body Image Concern Inventory and the Singapore Androgyny Inventory. Results showed that body image concern was significantly higher in transgender participants compared to cisgender participants, and these scores were especially higher in trans women compared to other groups. Furthermore, trans women scored higher in the femininity subscale compared to ciswomen. Body image concern was also higher in participants with feminine gender identity compared to participants with masculine gender identity (whether they were transgender or not). Moreover, transgender persons with traditional gender identity had higher scores in body image concern in comparison to those who had nontraditional identities, as well as trans men had more Androgynous or undifferentiated identities than trans women. We also found a significant correlation between feminine subscale and body image concern. Based on our results, it seems hormonal and surgical treatments in transgender persons only can eliminate body dissatisfaction to a certain extent. The higher scores of trans women, both in body image concern and femininity, indicate that it may be harder for trans women to believe they are perceived as female by others and their bodies are adequate. Changing cultural beliefs, social values, and increasing social acceptance with the help of the media may play an important role in improving body image in the future.
目的是比较跨性别和顺性别手术后个体的身体意象关注和性别认同。参与者包括 48 名跨性别者（25 名跨男，23 名跨女）和 48 名顺性别者（24 名顺男，24 名顺女）。数据通过 Littleton 的身体意象关注量表和新加坡双性气质量表收集。结果表明，跨性别者的身体意象关注显著高于顺性别者，且跨女的得分明显高于其他组。此外，跨女在女性气质分量表上的得分高于顺女。与具有男性化性别认同的参与者相比，具有女性化性别认同的参与者的身体意象关注更高（无论他们是跨性别者与否）。此外，具有传统性别认同的跨性别者的身体意象关注得分高于具有非传统身份的跨性别者，而跨男的双性气质或未分化身份比跨女更多。我们还发现女性气质分量表与身体意象关注之间存在显著相关性。根据我们的结果，似乎激素和手术治疗只能在一定程度上消除跨性别者的身体不满。跨女在身体意象关注和女性气质方面的得分较高，表明跨女可能更难相信自己被他人视为女性，而且她们的身体是足够的。改变文化观念、社会价值观，并在媒体的帮助下增加社会接受度，可能在未来改善身体意象方面发挥重要作用。
