Farah Stephanie, Rizk Youssef, Azar Madona
Division of Research, LAU Medical Center-Rizk Hospital, Lebanese American University Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Family Medicine, LAU Medical Center-Saint John's Hospital, Lebanese American University Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Beirut, Lebanon.
Transgend Health. 2024 Oct 9;9(5):375-388. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2022.0080. eCollection 2024 Oct.
Our aim is to review transgender people in terms of education, religion, financial security, quality of life (QOL), sexual orientation, behaviors, relationships, access to health care, and gender-affirming therapies in the Middle East region.
Electronic databases were used. Eligible studies were those targeting transgender people exclusively in Middle Eastern countries.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people face discrimination with poor access to education and health care. More than half (56%) of trans women admitted that religion is important, and 54% identified as Muslim. The majority of trans women (81%) reported financial hardship, 75% lacked insurance coverage, and 40% claimed a monthly income of <$500. Depression and suicide attempts were common. Discrimination was also endemic in medical settings. QOL was significantly lower. They were more likely to be engaged in coercive sex and sex work and reported negative or absent family relationships. Finally, transgender people reported high concern with their body image and gender confirmation treatments.
Publications in transgender health showed a sharp rise after 2005, however, it is still an understudied and an under-published topic, particularly in the Middle East. This review is the first to summarize the global situation of transgender people in the Middle East, and to reveal disparities in terms of education, religion, finance, mental/physical health, access to health care, QOL, sexual orientation, behaviors, relationships, and gender confirmation treatments. Larger studies are warranted to further study this population and create positive interventions that can improve their overall well-being.
我们的目标是从中东地区的教育、宗教、经济保障、生活质量（QOL）、性取向、行为、人际关系、获得医疗保健的机会以及性别确认疗法等方面对跨性别者进行综述。
使用电子数据库。符合条件的研究是那些专门针对中东国家跨性别者的研究。
女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、跨性别者和酷儿群体面临歧视，获得教育和医疗保健的机会有限。超过一半（56%）的跨性别女性承认宗教很重要，54%的人认定为穆斯林。大多数跨性别女性（81%）报告有经济困难，75%没有保险覆盖，40%声称月收入低于500美元。抑郁和自杀未遂情况很常见。医疗环境中歧视现象也很普遍。生活质量显著较低。他们更有可能从事强迫性行为和性工作，并报告家庭关系消极或缺失。最后，跨性别者表示非常关注自己的身体形象和性别确认治疗。
2005年后，关于跨性别者健康的出版物数量急剧上升，然而，这仍然是一个研究不足且发表较少的主题，尤其是在中东地区。本综述首次总结了中东地区跨性别者的全球状况，并揭示了在教育、宗教、经济、心理/身体健康、获得医疗保健的机会、生活质量、性取向、行为、人际关系和性别确认治疗等方面的差异。需要开展更大规模的研究来进一步研究这一群体，并制定积极的干预措施以改善他们的整体福祉。
