Muslim Mohammad, Ansari M Shafiq, Hasan Fazil
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (ICAR-IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India.
Ecotoxicology. 2018 Sep;27(7):1019-1031. doi: 10.1007/s10646-018-1947-z. Epub 2018 May 24.
Bracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is an important biological control agent of various species of order Lepidoptera and extensively used in biological control program worldwide. Present study evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on B. hebetor using demographic and population growth parameters. Doses of all the tested insecticides were within a maximum range of their recommended field dosages and adults were treated using residual glass vials method. For control experiments adults were treated with distilled water. Among the tested insecticides, the survivorship of various stages of B. hebetor was considerably prolonged on cyantraniliprole followed by chlorantraniliprole and shortest on chlorpyrifos and profenofos treated group. Total immature development time was prolonged in chlorpyrifos and profenofos treated group. Population growth parameters like intrinsic rate of natural increase (r), net reproductive rate (R), finite rate of increase (λ) and mean generation time (T) were considerably reduced in B. hebetor groups treated with chlorpyrifos and profenofos. However, B. hebetor groups treated with chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole showed a little or no much difference in population growth parameters when compared with untreated group. It was also observed that chlorpyrifos and profenofos modified the sex ratio, thereby female emergence get reduced. On the basis of present findings it can be concluded that all tested insecticides caused considerable ecotoxic effects on B. hebetor compared to control. However, comparisons among the tested insecticides on the basis of IOBC criteria showed that chlorantraniliprol and cyntraniliprol was less toxic as compared to other insecticides tested on this biological control agent.
麦蛾茧蜂（学名：Bracon hebetor Say，膜翅目：茧蜂科）是多种鳞翅目昆虫的重要生物防治天敌，在全球生物防治项目中广泛应用。本研究利用种群统计学和种群增长参数评估了杀虫剂对麦蛾茧蜂的致死和亚致死效应。所有测试杀虫剂的剂量均在其推荐田间剂量的最大范围内，采用残留玻璃瓶法处理成虫。对照实验中，成虫用蒸馏水处理。在测试的杀虫剂中，氰虫酰胺处理组麦蛾茧蜂各阶段的存活时间显著延长，其次是氯虫苯甲酰胺处理组，毒死蜱和丙溴磷处理组的存活时间最短。毒死蜱和丙溴磷处理组未成熟阶段的总发育时间延长。用毒死蜱和丙溴磷处理的麦蛾茧蜂组的种群增长参数，如内禀增长率（r）、净生殖率（R）、有限增长率（λ）和平均世代时间（T）均显著降低。然而，与未处理组相比，氯虫苯甲酰胺和氰虫酰胺处理组的麦蛾茧蜂种群增长参数几乎没有差异或差异不大。还观察到，毒死蜱和丙溴磷改变了性别比例，从而使雌性羽化减少。根据目前的研究结果可以得出结论，与对照相比，所有测试的杀虫剂对麦蛾茧蜂都造成了相当大的生态毒性影响。然而，根据国际生物防治组织（IOBC）标准对测试杀虫剂进行比较表明，与在这种生物防治天敌上测试的其他杀虫剂相比，氯虫苯甲酰胺和氰虫酰胺的毒性较小。
