Tibambuya Basil Addayire, Ganle John Kuumuori, Ibrahim Muslim
Department of Public Health, West Gonja Hospital, Damongo, Northern Region, Ghana.
Department of Population, Family and Reproductive Health, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
Pan Afr Med J. 2019 Aug 27;33:325. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.325.17924. eCollection 2019.
Anaemia in pregnancy remains a critical public health concern in many African settings; but its determinants are not clear. The purpose of this study was to assess anaemia at antenatal care initiation and associated factors among pregnant women in a local district of Ghana.
A facility-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 378 pregnant women attending antenatal care at two health facilities were surveyed. Data on haemoglobin level, helminths and malaria infection status at first antenatal care registration were extracted from antenatal records booklets of each pregnant women. Questionnaires were then used to collect data on socio-demographic and dietary variables. Binary and multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to assess factors associated with anaemia.
The prevalence of anaemia was 56%, with mild anaemia being the highest form (31.0%). Anaemia prevalence was highest (73.2%) among respondents aged 15-19 years. Factors that significantly independently reduced the odds of anaemia in pregnancy after controlling for potential confounders were early (within first trimester) antenatal care initiation (AOR=5.01; 95% CI =1.41-17.76; p=0.013) and consumption of egg three or more times in a week (AOR=0.30; 95% CI=0.15-0.81; P=0.014).
Health facility and community-based preconception and conception care interventions must not only aim to educate women and community members about the importance of early ANC initiation, balanced diet, protein and iron-rich foods sources that may reduce anaemia, but must also engage community leaders and men to address food taboos and cultural prohibitions that negatively affect pregnant woman.
在许多非洲地区，孕期贫血仍然是一个关键的公共卫生问题；但其决定因素尚不清楚。本研究的目的是评估加纳一个当地地区孕妇在产前检查开始时的贫血情况及相关因素。
进行了一项基于机构的横断面调查。对在两家医疗机构接受产前检查的378名孕妇进行了调查。从每位孕妇的产前记录手册中提取首次产前检查登记时的血红蛋白水平、蠕虫和疟疾感染状况数据。然后使用问卷收集社会人口学和饮食变量的数据。进行二元和多变量逻辑回归分析以评估与贫血相关的因素。
贫血患病率为56%，其中轻度贫血最为常见（31.0%）。15 - 19岁的受访者中贫血患病率最高（73.2%）。在控制潜在混杂因素后，显著独立降低孕期贫血几率的因素是早期（孕早期内）开始产前检查（调整后比值比[AOR]=5.01；95%置信区间[CI]=1.41 - 17.76；p = 0.013）以及每周食用鸡蛋三次或更多次（AOR = 0.30；95% CI = 0.15 - 0.81；P = 0.014）。
基于医疗机构和社区的孕前及孕期保健干预措施不仅要旨在教育妇女和社区成员了解早期产前检查、均衡饮食、富含蛋白质和铁的食物来源对减少贫血的重要性，还必须促使社区领袖和男性解决对孕妇产生负面影响的食物禁忌和文化禁令。
