Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia.
Maternal and Child Health Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Public Health. 2024 Sep 4;12:1409752. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1409752. eCollection 2024.
Anemia during pregnancy is a common issue that significantly affects the health of both the mother and her child. Globally, anemia is a major public health concern, affecting both developing and developed countries, with approximately 1.3 billion people affected. Pregnant women are among the most vulnerable to anemia.
To assess the magnitude and risk factors of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Shashemene Town, Oromia, Ethiopia.
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 391 pregnant women in Shashemene Town in April 2022. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires, along with laboratory examinations of blood and stool samples. The data were entered into EpiData 3.1 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. Bivariate logistic regression was performed, and variables with a -value of <0.25 were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors associated with anemia. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CIs were calculated, and a -value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Finally, the results are presented using narration, descriptive statistics, such as tables, graphs, and charts.
The prevalence of anemia was found to be 30.9% (95% CI: 26.4, 35.4%). Factors significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia included high dietary diversity (AOR = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.105-0.451), no history of excessive menstrual bleeding (AOR = 0.162, 95% CI 0.076-0.345), age 25-34 years (AOR = 0.391, 95% CI 0.173-0.883), and age ≥ 35 years (AOR = 0.068, 95% CI 0.011-0.444). Conversely, a mild upper arm circumference (MUAC) of <23 cm (AOR = 4.939, 95% CI 2.330-10.469), no use of contraceptives (AOR = 4.935, 95% CI 2.207-11.032), and no iron supplementation use (AOR = 3.588, 95% CI 1.794-7.175) were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia.
According to the WHO classification, anemia in this study was found to be a moderate public health issue. High dietary diversity, no previous excessive menstrual bleeding, and age were significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia, whereas a MUAC of <23 cm, no contraceptive use, and no iron supplementation were significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia. Therefore, promoting diverse diets among pregnant women, providing counseling on the benefits of family planning and iron-folic acid supplements, and improving women's education and empowerment are essential.
怀孕期间贫血是一个常见问题，严重影响母婴健康。全球范围内，贫血是一个主要的公共卫生问题，影响着发展中国家和发达国家，约有 13 亿人受到影响。孕妇是最容易贫血的人群之一。
评估在埃塞俄比亚奥罗米亚州沙舍门镇接受产前护理的孕妇贫血的严重程度和危险因素。
2022 年 4 月在沙舍门镇进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究，共纳入 391 名孕妇。使用访谈者管理的问卷以及血液和粪便样本的实验室检查收集数据。将数据输入 EpiData 3.1，并使用 SPSS 22 版统计软件包进行分析。进行了双变量逻辑回归，将 - 值<0.25 的变量纳入多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定与贫血相关的因素。计算调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI），并认为 - 值<0.05 具有统计学意义。最后，使用叙述、表格、图表等描述性统计方法呈现结果。
贫血的患病率为 30.9%（95%CI：26.4，35.4%）。与贫血风险降低显著相关的因素包括高饮食多样性（AOR=0.217，95%CI：0.105-0.451）、无月经过多史（AOR=0.162，95%CI 0.076-0.345）、年龄 25-34 岁（AOR=0.391，95%CI 0.173-0.883）和年龄≥35 岁（AOR=0.068，95%CI 0.011-0.444）。相反，轻度上臂围（MUAC）<23cm（AOR=4.939，95%CI 2.330-10.469）、未使用避孕药具（AOR=4.935，95%CI 2.207-11.032）和未使用铁补充剂（AOR=3.588，95%CI 1.794-7.175）与贫血风险增加显著相关。
根据世界卫生组织的分类，本研究中的贫血被认为是一个中度的公共卫生问题。高饮食多样性、无既往月经过多和年龄与贫血风险降低显著相关，而 MUAC<23cm、未使用避孕药具和未使用铁补充剂与贫血风险增加显著相关。因此，促进孕妇饮食多样化、提供计划生育和铁叶酸补充剂的益处咨询、以及提高妇女的教育和赋权是至关重要的。
