Velidandla Surekha, Bodduru Ruparani, Birra Vinod, Jain Yash, Valluri Rathna, Ealla Kranti Kiran Reddy
Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND.
Periodontology, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Hyderabad, IND.
Cureus. 2019 Sep 6;11(9):e5586. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5586.
Context Cigarette smoking is a well-established risk factor for periodontitis and carries an increased risk for loss of periodontal attachment as well as bone loss. Aims The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether disease severity differs between smokers and nonsmokers in a group of chronic periodontitis patients by assessing the periodontal probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Materials and methods The study included 150 individuals, 75 smokers and 75 nonsmokers, in the age group of 35-60 years. Subjects with chronic periodontitis were selected and included in the study. Periodontal evaluation, including periodontal probing pocket depths and bleeding on probing, was performed on all four quadrants and at six sites per tooth using the Williams periodontal probe. The data were pooled from the anterior sextant and the posterior sextant as well as from the facial and lingual surfaces. Statistical analysis Comparisons were made between smokers and nonsmokers using the z-test (two-tailed test). Probing pocket depth categories 0-3 mm, 4-5 mm, 6-7 mm, and ≥8 mm and the proportion of sites having a pocket depth of ≥5 mm were used in the analysis. Results The mean percentage of sites that bleed upon probing was higher for nonsmokers as compared with smokers. Smokers had less shallow pockets (0-3 mm) than nonsmokers and more pockets of 4-7 mm (categories 4-5 mm, 6-7 mm). No significant differences were detected in the prevalence of pockets ≥8 mm. In the anterior, premolar, and molar regions, pockets of 6-7 mm were significantly more prevalent in smokers. The buccal and lingual sides also showed that smokers had more sites with deep probing depths ≥5 mm than nonsmokers. The data also showed that in the upper jaw, in the anterior and premolar teeth, the largest differences were found between smokers and nonsmokers. Conclusions From the results, it can be concluded that cigarette smoking results in periodontal tissue destruction in the different areas of the oral cavity, with the maximum periodontal destruction in the maxillary anterior and premolar region.
吸烟是牙周炎公认的危险因素，会增加牙周附着丧失和骨质流失的风险。
本研究的目的是通过评估牙周探诊深度（PPD）和探诊出血（BOP），调查一组慢性牙周炎患者中吸烟者和非吸烟者的疾病严重程度是否存在差异。
该研究纳入了150名年龄在35至60岁之间的个体，其中75名吸烟者和75名非吸烟者。选择患有慢性牙周炎的受试者并纳入研究。使用Williams牙周探针在所有四个象限以及每颗牙齿的六个位点进行牙周评估，包括牙周探诊袋深度和探诊出血。数据汇总自前牙区、后牙区以及颊侧和舌侧表面。
使用z检验（双侧检验）对吸烟者和非吸烟者进行比较。分析中使用了探诊袋深度类别0 - 3毫米、4 - 5毫米、6 - 7毫米和≥8毫米以及袋深度≥5毫米的位点比例。
与吸烟者相比，非吸烟者探诊时出血位点的平均百分比更高。吸烟者的浅袋（0 - 3毫米）比非吸烟者少，4 - 7毫米的袋（4 - 5毫米、6 - 7毫米类别）更多。≥8毫米袋的患病率未检测到显著差异。在前牙、前磨牙和磨牙区域，6 - 7毫米的袋在吸烟者中明显更普遍。颊侧和舌侧也显示，吸烟者探诊深度≥5毫米的位点比非吸烟者更多。数据还显示，在上颌的前牙和前磨牙中，吸烟者和非吸烟者之间的差异最大。
从结果可以得出结论，吸烟会导致口腔不同区域的牙周组织破坏，在上颌前牙和前磨牙区域牙周破坏最大。
