Sánchez-Hurtado Miguel Ángel, Usón-Gargallo Jesús, Díaz-Güemes Martín-Portugués Idoia, Enciso Silvia, Sánchez-Peralta Luisa Fernanda, Sánchez-Fernández Javier, Sánchez-Margallo Francisco Miguel
Centro de Cirugía de Mínima Invasión Jesús Usón. Cáceres.España.
Arch Esp Urol. 2019 Nov;72(9):904-914.
To describe a roadmap of the most representative milestones and considerations in the validation of surgical simulators, especially those of laparoscopic surgery. And additionally, help determine when in this process a simulator can be considered as validated.
A non-systematic review was carried out searching terms like simulation, validation, training, assessment, skills and learning curve, as well as providing the experience accumulated by our center.
An ideal classical validation process should consist of the following steps: fidelity, verification/calibration/ reliability, subjective and objective strategies. Baseline tests of fidelity and verification/calibration/ technological reliability are not always detailed in the simulation literature. A simulator can be considered validated if, at least, satisfactorily completed any of the two main objective strategies, that is, constructive and/or criterion validity.
The methodologies to validate simulators as useful and reliable for the improvement of psychomotor/ technical skills are widely analyzed, although there is a variety of approaches depending on the scientific reference consulted, not being implemented equally in all works. This apparent arbitrariness should be considered in advance because it can lead the researcher to misunderstandings, especially when the simulator will be regarded as valid.
描述手术模拟器验证过程中最具代表性的里程碑和注意事项的路线图，尤其是腹腔镜手术模拟器的相关内容。此外，帮助确定在这个过程中模拟器何时可被视为经过验证。
进行了一项非系统性综述，搜索了如模拟、验证、培训、评估、技能和学习曲线等术语，并提供了我们中心积累的经验。
一个理想的经典验证过程应包括以下步骤：逼真度、验证/校准/可靠性、主观和客观策略。模拟文献中并不总是详细阐述逼真度以及验证/校准/技术可靠性的基线测试。如果模拟器至少令人满意地完成了两种主要客观策略中的任何一种，即建构效度和/或效标效度，那么它就可以被视为经过验证。
尽管根据所参考的科学文献存在多种方法，但对模拟器进行验证以证明其对提高心理运动/技术技能有用且可靠的方法已得到广泛分析，且并非在所有研究中都同等实施。这种明显的随意性应提前予以考虑，因为它可能导致研究人员产生误解，尤其是在模拟器被视为有效的情况下。
