Clinical Research Fellow in Endocrinology, Wisdem Centre, University Hospitals Coventry & Warwickshire, Coventry, UK.
Endocrinology Unit, 1st Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, UOA, LAIKO General Hospital, 17 Agiou Thoma Str., 11527, Athens, Greece.
Hormones (Athens). 2019 Dec;18(4):339-351. doi: 10.1007/s42000-019-00132-6. Epub 2019 Nov 8.
The improving effectiveness of health care leads inevitably to a rapid increase in the elderly population worldwide. At advanced ages, however, people experience chronic disabilities, which significantly increase the social and economic burden while curtailing survival, independence, and quality of life of the aging population. As aging is a multifactorial process, apart from genetic predisposition, other environmental factors, such as chronic sterile inflammation and cellular senescence, contribute as crucial participants and have been targeted to reverse their deleterious effects on tissue homeostasis and functional integrity. Cellular senescence refers to the essentially irreversible inhibition of cellular proliferation when cells are subjected to extrinsic or endogenous stress. Although the process of cellular senescence has long been known, recent evidence demonstrated that it characterizes many aging phenotypes and that elimination of senescent cells at the tissue level can improve age-related tissue dysfunction. These observations have renewed scientific interest in possible therapeutic interventions. Two major chronic diseases associated with aging that impose an enormous burden on global health systems are type 2 diabetes and osteoporosis. This review presents current data on (i) the underlying molecular mechanisms of cellular senescence, (ii) its relationship to these two endocrine diseases that are today prevalent worldwide, and (iii) future prospects of targeted intervention with the aim of simultaneously improving the progression and prognosis of these serious problems of aging.
医疗保健效果的提高不可避免地导致全球老年人口的迅速增加。然而，在高龄时，人们会经历慢性残疾，这会显著增加社会和经济负担，同时缩短老年人口的生存、独立和生活质量。由于衰老过程是一个多因素的过程，除了遗传易感性外，其他环境因素，如慢性无菌性炎症和细胞衰老，也作为关键参与者发挥作用，并已成为逆转其对组织稳态和功能完整性的有害影响的目标。细胞衰老指的是细胞在受到外在或内在压力时，基本上不可逆地抑制细胞增殖的过程。尽管细胞衰老的过程早已为人所知，但最近的证据表明，它是许多衰老表型的特征，并且在组织水平上消除衰老细胞可以改善与年龄相关的组织功能障碍。这些观察结果重新激发了科学界对可能的治疗干预措施的兴趣。与衰老相关的两种对全球卫生系统造成巨大负担的主要慢性疾病是 2 型糖尿病和骨质疏松症。这篇综述介绍了目前关于（i）细胞衰老的潜在分子机制，（ii）它与这两种在全球范围内普遍存在的内分泌疾病的关系，以及（iii）靶向干预的未来前景，目的是同时改善这些严重的衰老问题的进展和预后。
