Department of Experimental Anesthesiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, D-12200 Berlin, Germany.
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Jun;33(3):101420. doi: 10.1016/j.berh.2019.06.002. Epub 2019 Jul 5.
This article reviews the role of analgesic drugs with a particular emphasis on opioids. Opioids are the oldest and most potent drugs for the treatment of severe pain, but they are burdened by detrimental side effects such as respiratory depression, addiction, sedation, nausea, and constipation. Their clinical application is undisputed in acute (e.g., perioperative) and cancer pain, but their long-term use in chronic pain has met increasing scrutiny and has contributed to the current opioid crisis. We discuss epidemiological data, pharmacological principles, clinical applications, and research strategies aiming at novel opioids with reduced side effects.
本文回顾了镇痛药的作用，特别强调了阿片类药物。阿片类药物是治疗严重疼痛最古老、最有效的药物，但它们也存在着呼吸抑制、成瘾、镇静、恶心和便秘等有害副作用。它们在急性（如围手术期）和癌症疼痛中的临床应用是无可争议的，但在慢性疼痛中的长期使用受到了越来越多的关注，并导致了目前的阿片类药物危机。我们讨论了旨在减少副作用的新型阿片类药物的流行病学数据、药理学原理、临床应用和研究策略。
