Department of Radiology, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, 920-8641, Japan.
Department of Radiology, Fukui Prefectural Hospital, Fukui, Japan.
Abdom Radiol (NY). 2020 Feb;45(2):416-436. doi: 10.1007/s00261-019-02298-4.
Peribiliary glands are minute structures that are distributed along the intrahepatic large bile ducts, extrahepatic bile duct, and cystic duct. These glands regulate many physiological functions, such as enzyme secretion. Pancreatic exocrine tissues and enzymes are often observed in peribiliary glands; thus, peribiliary glands are involved in enzyme secretion. As such, these glands can be affected by conditions such as IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis based on commonalities with their pancreatic counterparts. Cystic changes in peribiliary glands can occur de novo, as part of a congenital syndrome, or secondary to insults such as alcoholic cirrhosis. Biliary tree stem/progenitor cells have recently been identified in peribiliary glands. These cells are involved in turnover and regeneration of biliary epithelia as well as in sclerosing reactions in some pathological conditions, such as primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatolithiasis. Notably, hepatolithiasis is involved in mucin secretion by the peribiliary glands. Additionally, these cells are associated with the manifestation of several neoplasms, including intraductal papillary neoplasm, cystic micropapillary neoplasm, and cholangiocarcinoma. Normal peribiliary glands themselves are particularly small structures that cannot be recognized using any available imaging modalities; however, these glands are closely associated with several diseases, as mentioned above, which have typical imaging features. Therefore, knowledge of the basic pathophysiology of peribiliary glands is helpful for understanding biliary diseases associated with the peribiliary glands.
胆小管周围腺体是微小的结构，分布于肝内大胆管、肝外胆管和胆囊管。这些腺体调节许多生理功能，如酶分泌。胆胰外分泌组织和酶常存在于胆小管周围腺体中；因此，胆小管周围腺体参与酶分泌。由于与胰腺对应物具有共性，这些腺体可能会受到 IgG4 相关硬化性胆管炎等疾病的影响。胆小管周围腺体的囊性改变可以是新出现的，作为先天性综合征的一部分，也可以继发于酒精性肝硬化等损伤。最近在胆小管周围腺体中鉴定出了胆管树干/祖细胞。这些细胞参与胆管上皮的更替和再生，以及某些病理情况下的硬化反应，如原发性硬化性胆管炎和胆石病。值得注意的是，胆石病涉及胆小管周围腺体的粘蛋白分泌。此外，这些细胞与几种肿瘤的表现相关，包括导管内乳头状肿瘤、囊性微乳头状肿瘤和胆管癌。正常的胆小管周围腺体本身是特别小的结构，任何现有的成像方式都无法识别；然而，如上所述，这些腺体与几种疾病密切相关，这些疾病具有典型的影像学特征。因此，了解胆小管周围腺体的基本病理生理学有助于理解与胆小管周围腺体相关的胆道疾病。
