Sauer Theodor, Lawrence Linda, Mayo-Ortega Liliana, Oyama-Ganiko Rosa, Schroeder Stephen
Stein Eye Institute, UCLA.
Centro Ann Sullivan del Peru.
J Ment Health Res Intellect Disabil. 2018;11(4):251-265. doi: 10.1080/19315864.2018.1497108. Epub 2018 Jul 24.
The prevalence of refractive error and ocular disorders among infants and young children with severe behavioral problems and developmental disorders is not well defined, particularly in developing countries. We performed a retrospective review of ophthalmic examinations performed during a National Institutes of Health-funded cohort study of very young children in Peru with behavioral problems and at risk for developmental disorders. 222 children between the ages of 0 and 4 years (mean 2.2 ± 0.9 years) were examined and 100 (45.0%) had an abnormal ocular exam. Overall, the prevalence of refractive error was 33.3%, nystagmus was 12.2%, and strabismus was 10.9%. Among children with Down syndrome, refractive error ranged from 46.2% at age 2 to 85.7% at age 4. Refractive error and ocular disorders are highly prevalent even at a young age in children with behavioral problems and developmental disorders. Much of the visual impairment in this population is treatable; early identification and intervention can have a lifelong positive impact on neurodevelopment.
患有严重行为问题和发育障碍的婴幼儿中屈光不正和眼部疾病的患病率尚不明确，尤其是在发展中国家。我们对国立卫生研究院资助的一项针对秘鲁有行为问题且有发育障碍风险的幼儿队列研究期间进行的眼科检查进行了回顾性分析。对222名年龄在0至4岁（平均2.2±0.9岁）之间的儿童进行了检查，其中100名（45.0%）的眼科检查结果异常。总体而言，屈光不正的患病率为33.3%，眼球震颤为12.2%，斜视是10.9%。在唐氏综合征儿童中，屈光不正的患病率在2岁时为46.2%至4岁时为85.7%不等。即使在患有行为问题和发育障碍的儿童年幼时，屈光不正和眼部疾病的患病率也很高。该人群中的许多视力损害是可治疗的；早期识别和干预可对神经发育产生终身积极影响。
