Rochon Elizabeth R, Corti Paola
Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Mar Genomics. 2020 Feb;49:100721. doi: 10.1016/j.margen.2019.100721. Epub 2019 Nov 8.
Since the discovery of new members of the globin superfamily such as Cytoglobin, Neuroglobin and Globin X, in addition to the most well-known members, Hemoglobin and Myoglobin, different hypotheses have been suggested about their function in vertebrates. Globins are ubiquitously found in living organisms and can carry out different functions based on their ability to bind ligands such as O, and nitric oxide (NO) and to catalyze reactions scavenging NO or generating NO by reducing nitrite. NO is a highly diffusible molecule with a central role in signaling important for egg maturation, fertilization and early embryonic development. The globins ability to scavenge or generate NO makes these proteins ideal candidates in regulating NO homeostasis depending on the micro environment and tissue NO demands. Different amounts of various globins have been found in zebrafish eggs and developing embryos where it's unlikely that they function as respiratory proteins and instead could play a role in maintaining embryonic NO homeostasis. Here we summarize the current knowledge concerning the role of NO in adult fish in comparison to mammals and we discuss NO function during embryonic development with possible implications for globins in maintaining embryonic NO homeostasis.
自从发现珠蛋白超家族的新成员，如细胞珠蛋白、神经珠蛋白和珠蛋白X，除了最著名的成员血红蛋白和肌红蛋白之外，关于它们在脊椎动物中的功能，人们提出了不同的假说。珠蛋白普遍存在于生物体中，并且基于它们结合诸如氧气和一氧化氮（NO）等配体以及催化清除NO或通过还原亚硝酸盐生成NO的反应的能力，可以执行不同的功能。NO是一种高度可扩散的分子，在卵子成熟、受精和早期胚胎发育等重要信号传导中起着核心作用。珠蛋白清除或生成NO的能力使这些蛋白质成为根据微环境和组织对NO的需求来调节NO稳态的理想候选者。在斑马鱼卵和发育中的胚胎中发现了不同数量的各种珠蛋白，在这些地方它们不太可能作为呼吸蛋白发挥作用，而是可能在维持胚胎NO稳态中发挥作用。在这里，我们总结了与哺乳动物相比，关于NO在成年鱼类中作用的当前知识，并讨论了胚胎发育过程中NO的功能，以及珠蛋白在维持胚胎NO稳态方面可能产生的影响。
