Samak Mai A, Elshatory Ahmed, Mohamed Eman M
Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11865, Egypt.
Biomedicines. 2019 Oct 27;7(4):84. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines7040084.
toxins are emerging mycotoxins that gained considerable interest with increasing evidence of their existence and toxicological properties. There is limited research and insufficient data about their in vivo hazardous effects. We designed this study to evaluate histopathological and genotoxic in vivo impacts of alternariol (AOH) on the parotid gland as well as to assess the competency of gallic acid (GA) in reversing these effects. Forty healthy adult male Wister rats were utilized and assigned equally on control, GA, alternariol and AOH+ gallic treated groups. Parotid gland samples from experimental groups were collected and then examined for histopathological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical examination for 4-hydroxynonenal "4-HNE as lipid peroxidation marker" as well as Comet assay for DNA damage. Additionally, parotid tissue homogenates were tested for catalase "CAT", superoxide dismutase "SOD" and malondialdehyde "MDA" levels. Our data proved that alternariol produced various histopathological and ultrastructural alterations of parotid acini as well as significant DNA damage, significant reduction of CAT and SOD enzymatic activity and significant boosting of 4-HNE immunohistochemical expression and MDA levels as compared to control group. On the other hand, gallic acid administration almost restored histological and ultrastructural parotid architecture, 4-HNE immune-expression and biochemical levels. Ultimately, we demonstrated alternariol-induced histopathological and genotoxic alterations on parotid gland as well as the competency of gallic acid in reversing these effects.
毒素是新出现的霉菌毒素，随着其存在和毒理学特性的证据越来越多，它们引起了相当大的关注。关于它们的体内有害影响的研究有限且数据不足。我们设计了这项研究，以评估交链孢酚（AOH）对腮腺的组织病理学和遗传毒性体内影响，以及评估没食子酸（GA）逆转这些影响的能力。使用了40只健康的成年雄性Wistar大鼠，并将它们平均分配到对照组、GA组、交链孢酚组和AOH+没食子酸处理组。收集实验组的腮腺样本，然后进行组织病理学、超微结构和免疫组织化学检查，检测4-羟基壬烯醛（“4-HNE”，作为脂质过氧化标志物），以及进行彗星试验检测DNA损伤。此外，检测腮腺组织匀浆中的过氧化氢酶（“CAT”）、超氧化物歧化酶（“SOD”）和丙二醛（“MDA”）水平。我们的数据证明，与对照组相比，交链孢酚导致腮腺腺泡出现各种组织病理学和超微结构改变，以及显著的DNA损伤、CAT和SOD酶活性显著降低，4-HNE免疫组织化学表达和MDA水平显著升高。另一方面，没食子酸的给药几乎恢复了腮腺的组织学和超微结构、4-HNE免疫表达和生化水平。最终，我们证明了交链孢酚对腮腺诱导的组织病理学和遗传毒性改变，以及没食子酸逆转这些影响的能力。
