Vectors and Vector-borne Diseases Research Programme, Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; Wildlife Research Centre, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 754, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
Wildlife Damage - Research and Management, P.O. Box 783540, Sandton, 2146, South Africa.
Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020 Mar;11(2):101325. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101325. Epub 2019 Nov 4.
In sub-Saharan Africa, virulent babesiosis in domestic dogs is primarily caused by Babesia rossi. Black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas), indigenous hosts of B. rossi, are the most likely reservoir from which B. rossi became established in domestic dog populations in South Africa. Haemaphysalis elliptica is the only confirmed vector transmitting B. rossi to domestic dogs; very little was known about the prevalence of H. elliptica infestation in black-backed jackal populations. All jackals (n = 9) from a site in Gauteng Province, South Africa, were infested with H. elliptica, which was also the most numerous tick recovered. Rhipicephalus simus was the second-most prevalent tick. Low numbers of four other tick species were recovered. An extended dataset (n = 23) including published data on adult black-backed jackals (n = 14) from other parts of South Africa indicated that H. elliptica (74%) was the most prevalent species, followed by R. simus (44%). Published data from black-backed jackals (n = 12) in Kenya showed a prevalence of H. leachi sensu lato infestation of 93%. We conclude that where its off-host ecological requirements are met, H. elliptica/leachi is the most prevalent tick infesting black-backed jackal population throughout their range. A comprehensive checklist, with discussion, is given for the 29 tick species reported from black-backed jackals in both southern and northeastern Africa.
在撒哈拉以南非洲，犬巴贝斯虫病主要由罗斯氏巴贝斯虫引起。黑背胡狼（Canis mesomelas）是罗斯氏巴贝斯虫的本地宿主，最有可能是该虫在南非犬类群体中建立起来的来源。椭圆硬蜱是唯一确认的将罗斯氏巴贝斯虫传播给犬类的媒介；关于黑背胡狼种群中椭圆硬蜱的感染率，人们知之甚少。来自南非豪登省的一个地点的所有胡狼（n=9）都被椭圆硬蜱寄生，这也是最常见的蜱虫。肩突硬蜱是第二常见的蜱虫。还发现了数量较少的另外四种蜱虫。一个扩展数据集（n=23）包括了来自南非其他地区的成年黑背胡狼的已发表数据（n=14），表明椭圆硬蜱（74%）是最常见的物种，其次是肩突硬蜱（44%）。来自肯尼亚的黑背胡狼（n=12）的已发表数据显示，椭圆硬蜱/莱氏钝缘蜱的感染率为 93%。我们的结论是，在满足其非宿主生态需求的情况下，椭圆硬蜱/莱氏钝缘蜱是在其整个分布范围内感染黑背胡狼种群最常见的蜱虫。本文还提供了一份综合清单，并对在南非南部和东北部报告的 29 种黑背胡狼上的蜱虫进行了讨论。
