Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5805 EPOC, 33400 Talence, France.
PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), Nantes 44307, France.
Environ Int. 2020 Jan;134:105047. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105047. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
Microplastics (MPs) are present throughout aquatic ecosystems, and can be ingested by a wide variety of organisms. At present, the physical and chemical effects of environmental MPs on aquatic organisms are poorly documented. This study aims to examine the physiological and behavioral effects caused by fish consuming environmental microplastics at different life stages. MP samples were collected from beaches on three islands (Easter Island, Guam and Hawaii) located near the North and South gyres of the Pacific Ocean. Larvae and juveniles of Japanese Medaka were fed for 30days with three doses of MPs (0.01, 0.1 and 1% w/w in fish food) approximate to the concentrations measured in moderately and heavily contaminated ocean areas. Ingestion of MPs by medaka larvae caused (variously) death, decreased head/body ratios, increased EROD activity and DNA breaks and, alterations to swimming behavior. A diet of 0.1% MPs was the most toxic. Two-month-old juveniles fed with 0.01% MPs did not exhibit any symptoms except an increase in DNA breaks. Our results demonstrate ingestion and mainly sublethal effects of environmental MPs in early life stages of fish at realistic MP concentrations. The toxicity of microplastics varies from one sample to another, depending on polymer composition, weathering and pollutant content. This study examines the ecological consequences microplastic build-up in aquatic ecosystems, more particularly in coastal marine areas, which serve as breeding and growing grounds for a number of aquatic species.
微塑料（MPs）广泛存在于水生生态系统中，并可被各种生物体摄入。目前，环境 MPs 对水生生物的物理和化学影响记录甚少。本研究旨在研究鱼类在不同生命阶段摄入环境微塑料引起的生理和行为影响。MP 样品取自位于太平洋北、南副热带环流附近三个岛屿（复活节岛、关岛和夏威夷）的海滩。用三种剂量的 MPs（鱼饲料中 0.01、0.1 和 1%w/w）喂食日本青鳉的幼虫和幼鱼 30 天，MP 浓度近似于中度和重度污染海洋区域的测量值。微塑料被青鳉幼虫摄入后（不同程度地）导致死亡、头身比降低、EROD 活性和 DNA 断裂增加以及游泳行为改变。0.1%MPs 的饮食毒性最大。两个月大的幼鱼喂食 0.01% MPs 除了 DNA 断裂增加外，没有表现出任何症状。我们的结果表明，在鱼类的早期生命阶段，实际 MPs 浓度下，环境 MPs 的摄入和主要是亚致死效应。微塑料的毒性因聚合物组成、风化和污染物含量的不同而有所差异。本研究考察了微塑料在水生生态系统中积累的生态后果，特别是在沿海海洋地区，这些地区是许多水生物种的繁殖和生长场所。
