Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.
Environ Int. 2020 Jan;134:105294. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105294. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
Organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure is a public health issue due to its potential link to neurodevelopmental problems in children. This study aimed to examine the exposure levels of OP pesticides in Japanese toddlers and explore the possible contributions of their exposure-related behaviors and their mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation to their exposure levels to OP pesticides. We recruited diapered children participating in the Japan Environment and Children's Study and collected used disposable diapers from 1037 children between June 2015 and August 2016. Six dialkylphosphates (DAPs) were measured in the urine extracted from the diapers. The geometric means of urinary creatinine (Cr)-unadjusted and Cr-adjusted concentrations of the sum of the six DAPs (ΣDAP) were 120 nmol/L and 243 nmol/g Cr, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for propensity scores of exposure-related factors revealed that discriminatory powers determining whether Cr-unadjusted and Cr-adjusted ΣDAP concentrations exceeded the 95th percentile values were lower for the exposure-related behaviors (areas under the curve, 0.72 and 0.69, respectively) and the mothers' considerations of food selection and preparation (0.55 and 0.57, respectively) than those for the foodstuffs ingested on the survey day (0.75 and 0.81, respectively). Some exposure-related behaviors, namely the use of insecticides, herbicides, and insect repellent sprays, were found to be associated with increased Cr-unadjusted ΣDAP concentrations (odds ratio, 2.0-2.6) via multivariate analysis. In contrast, only the use of a fragrance or deodorant was associated with increased Cr-adjusted ΣDAP concentrations (odds ratio, 2.3). This is the first report on the exposure levels of OP pesticides in a large number of Japanese toddlers. Some household chemical product use was related to OP common metabolite DAP levels. Japanese toddlers were widely exposed to OP pesticide.
有机磷 (OP) 农药暴露是一个公共卫生问题，因为它可能与儿童神经发育问题有关。本研究旨在检测日本幼儿中 OP 农药的暴露水平，并探讨其暴露相关行为以及其母亲对食物选择和准备的考虑对其 OP 农药暴露水平的可能贡献。我们招募了参加日本环境与儿童研究的尿布婴儿，并于 2015 年 6 月至 2016 年 8 月期间从 1037 名儿童中收集了用过的一次性尿布。从尿布中提取尿液，测量了 6 种二烷基磷酸酯 (DAP)。尿肌酐 (Cr) 未调整和 Cr 调整的总和 (ΣDAP) 的六价 DAP 尿浓度的几何平均值分别为 120 nmol/L 和 243 nmol/g Cr。根据暴露相关因素的倾向评分进行的受试者工作特征曲线分析表明，对于决定 Cr 未调整和 Cr 调整的 ΣDAP 浓度是否超过第 95 百分位数值的判别能力，暴露相关行为（曲线下面积分别为 0.72 和 0.69）和母亲对食物选择和准备的考虑（0.55 和 0.57）低于调查日摄入的食物（0.75 和 0.81）。通过多变量分析发现，一些暴露相关行为，即使用杀虫剂、除草剂和驱虫喷雾剂，与 Cr 未调整的 ΣDAP 浓度增加有关（比值比为 2.0-2.6）。相比之下，只有使用香料或除臭剂与 Cr 调整的 ΣDAP 浓度增加有关（比值比为 2.3）。这是第一项关于大量日本幼儿中 OP 农药暴露水平的报告。一些家用化学品的使用与 OP 常见代谢物 DAP 水平有关。日本幼儿广泛接触 OP 农药。
