Trujillo-Rodríguez D, Faymonville M-E, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Demertzi A
Physiology of Cognition Research Lab, GIGA-Consciousness, GIGA Institute B34, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Algology Department, Liège University Hospital and Sensation and Perception Research Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;166:327-339. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64196-0.00018-2.
Hypnosis is a technique that induces changes in perceptual experience through response to specific suggestions. By means of functional neuroimaging, a large body of clinical and experimental studies has shown that hypnotic processes modify internal (self-awareness) as well as external (environmental awareness) brain networks. Objective quantifications of this kind permit the characterization of cerebral changes after hypnotic induction and its uses in the clinical setting. Hypnosedation is one such application, as it combines hypnosis with local anesthesia in patients undergoing surgery. The power of this technique lies in the avoidance of general anesthesia and its potential complications that emerge during and after surgery. Hypnosedation is associated with improved intraoperative comfort and reduced perioperative anxiety and pain. It ensures a faster recovery of the patient and diminishes the intraoperative requirements for sedative or analgesic drugs. Mechanisms underlying the modulation of pain perception under hypnotic conditions involve cortical and subcortical areas, mainly the anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortices as well as the basal ganglia and thalami. In that respect, hypnosis-induced analgesia is an effective and highly cost-effective alternative to sedation during surgery and symptom management.
催眠是一种通过对特定暗示做出反应来引发感知体验变化的技术。借助功能神经影像学，大量临床和实验研究表明，催眠过程会改变大脑的内部（自我意识）以及外部（环境意识）网络。此类客观量化方法能够描述催眠诱导后大脑的变化及其在临床环境中的应用。催眠镇静就是这样一种应用，它将催眠与手术患者的局部麻醉相结合。该技术的优势在于避免了全身麻醉及其在手术期间和术后出现的潜在并发症。催眠镇静与术中舒适度提高、围手术期焦虑和疼痛减轻相关。它能确保患者更快康复，并减少术中对镇静或镇痛药物的需求。催眠状态下疼痛感知调节的潜在机制涉及皮质和皮质下区域，主要是前扣带回和前额叶皮质以及基底神经节和丘脑。在这方面，催眠诱导镇痛是手术期间镇静和症状管理的一种有效且极具成本效益的替代方法。
