Phycology Laboratory, Botany Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil.
Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, 88049-900, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2019 Dec;26(36):36486-36498. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06691-w. Epub 2019 Nov 15.
The damages of Mariana's mining mud in the physiology of the brown algae Sargassum cymosum and its main epiphytic, the red algae Hypnea pseudomusciformis, were evaluated by controlled essays. Seaweeds were exposed to presence or absence of mud, isolated or in biological association, for 5 and 15 days. Measured parameters were growth rates, biochemical descriptors, and the chemical investigation of concentration and metal profile of the mud dissolved in seawater. Results showed that the highest values for metals were Al > Fe > Mn > Zn in both exposure periods. The mud also affected the growth rate with lethality in both isolated and associative treatments with H. pseudomusciformis after 15 days. According to our redundancy analysis (RDA), the profile and concentration of all metallic elements can induce different physiological responses of the organisms. We were able to observe a higher physiological adaptive ability of S. cymosum against the long-term presence of metals by the synthesis of phenolic compounds, while the deviation of metabolic routes in H. pseudomusciformis can be addressed as the main responsible for its lethality. Moreover, the presence of Hypnea in associative treatments reduces Sargassum's detoxification ability. The present results reinforce the importance of biological interaction studies in a context of physiological resilience against mining mud pollution and mutual influences of species over the individual ability to avoid oxidative stress.
采用受控实验评估了马里亚纳采矿泥浆对褐藻马尾藻（Sargassum cymosum）及其主要附生藻类红藻拟松节藻（Hypnea pseudomusciformis）生理学的破坏作用。将藻类置于有或无泥浆、单独或生物共生的条件下暴露 5 天和 15 天。测量的参数包括生长率、生化指标以及泥浆在海水中的浓度和金属分布的化学研究。结果表明，在两个暴露期内，金属的最高浓度为 Al > Fe > Mn > Zn。泥浆还影响了在单独和共生处理下红藻拟松节藻的生长率，在 15 天后导致其死亡。根据我们的冗余分析（RDA），所有金属元素的分布和浓度都会引起生物的不同生理反应。我们观察到马尾藻对金属的长期存在具有更高的生理适应能力，这是通过合成酚类化合物实现的，而红藻拟松节藻代谢途径的偏离可能是导致其死亡的主要原因。此外，在共生处理中存在拟松节藻会降低马尾藻的解毒能力。本研究结果强调了在生理弹性背景下进行生物相互作用研究的重要性，以及在避免氧化应激方面物种之间的相互影响和个体能力的重要性。
