Viehweger Katrin
Radiotherapeutics Division, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf eV; Institute of Radiopharmacy, P.O. Box 510119, D-01314, Dresden, Germany.
Bot Stud. 2014 Dec;55(1):35. doi: 10.1186/1999-3110-55-35. Epub 2014 Mar 20.
Heavy metals are naturally occurring in the earth's crust but anthropogenic and industrial activities have led to drastic environmental pollutions in distinct areas. Plants are able to colonize such sites due to several mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance. Understanding of these pathways enables different fruitful approaches like phytoremediation and biofortification.Therefore, this review addresses mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and toxicity in plants possessing a sophisticated network for maintenance of metal homeostasis. Key elements of this are chelation and sequestration which result either in removal of toxic metal from sensitive sites or conduct essential metal to their specific cellular destination. This implies shared pathways which can result in toxic symptoms especially in an excess of metal. These overlaps go on with signal transduction pathways induced by heavy metals which include common elements of other signal cascades. Nevertheless, there are specific reactions some of them will be discussed with special focus on the cellular level.
重金属天然存在于地壳中，但人为和工业活动已导致不同地区出现严重的环境污染。由于几种重金属耐受机制，植物能够在这些地方生长。了解这些途径有助于采用不同的有效方法，如植物修复和生物强化。因此，本综述探讨了植物中重金属耐受和毒性的机制，这些植物拥有一个复杂的网络来维持金属稳态。其中的关键要素是螯合和隔离，这要么导致从敏感部位去除有毒金属，要么将必需金属输送到其特定的细胞目的地。这意味着存在共享途径，尤其在金属过量时可能导致毒性症状。这些重叠现象与重金属诱导的信号转导途径同时存在，这些途径包括其他信号级联的共同要素。然而，也存在一些特定反应，其中一些将在细胞水平上进行特别讨论。
