Division of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 1342, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Division of Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 Northwest 14th Street, 1342, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Clin Geriatr Med. 2020 Feb;36(1):43-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2019.09.010. Epub 2019 Sep 10.
Advanced Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by the presence of motor fluctuations becoming the focus of treatment, prominent postural instability, significant disability despite levodopa therapy, and the presence of symptoms refractory to levodopa therapy. In this article, the authors review the motor manifestations of patients with advanced PD, as well as the most common pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic available therapies.
晚期帕金森病（PD）的特征是存在运动波动，成为治疗的重点，姿势不稳明显，尽管接受左旋多巴治疗仍存在显著残疾，以及对左旋多巴治疗有反应的症状。本文作者回顾了晚期 PD 患者的运动表现，以及最常见的药物和非药物治疗方法。
