Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Nov 14;16(22):4495. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224495.
The heavy metal pollution of soils has become serious environmental problem, mainly in localities with high industrialization and rapid growth. The purpose of this detailed research was to determine the actual status of heavy metal pollution of soils and an assessment of heavy metal pollution in a highly industrialized city, Ostrava, with a history of long-term impacts from the metallurgy industry and mining. The ecological risks to the area was subsequently also assessed. The heavy metals Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Pb, V, Zn, Cr and Fe were determined in top-soils (0-20 cm) using atomic absorption spectrometry (F AAS, GF AAS) from three areas with different anthropogenic loads. The obtained data expressed as mean metal concentrations were very varied among the sampled soils and values of all analyzed metal concentrations were higher than its background levels. To identify the ecological risk and assessment of soil pollution, various pollution indices were calculated, such as single pollution indices (I, CF, EF, PI) and total complex indices (IPI, PLI, PI, C, mC, E and PERI). The identification of pollution sources was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis and multivariate methods (HCA, PCA/FA). The obtained results confirmed three major groups of metals (Fe-Cr, Pb-Cu and Mn-V). A human health risk was identified in the case of Pb, Cd and Cr, and the HI value of V for children also exceeded 1.
土壤重金属污染已成为严重的环境问题，主要出现在工业化程度高、发展迅速的地区。这项详细研究的目的是确定土壤重金属污染的实际状况，并评估一个高度工业化城市奥斯特拉瓦的重金属污染状况，该城市长期受到冶金和采矿业的影响。随后还评估了该地区的生态风险。采用原子吸收光谱法（火焰原子吸收光谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法），从三个具有不同人为负荷的区域中，测定了表层土壤（0-20 厘米）中的 Cd、Hg、Cu、Mn、Pb、V、Zn、Cr 和 Fe 等重金属。所得数据以平均金属浓度表示，在采样土壤中差异很大，所有分析金属浓度均高于其背景水平。为了确定生态风险和土壤污染评估，计算了各种污染指数，如单项污染指数（I、CF、EF、PI）和综合复杂指数（IPI、PLI、PI、C、mC、E 和 PERI）。利用皮尔逊相关分析和多元方法（HCA、PCA/FA）评估了污染源的识别。所得结果证实了存在三类主要金属（Fe-Cr、Pb-Cu 和 Mn-V）。在 Pb、Cd 和 Cr 的情况下，发现了人类健康风险，儿童的 V 值 HI 也超过了 1。
