Department of Soil and Water Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India.
Environ Monit Assess. 2019 Nov 18;191(12):757. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7932-z.
Landuse change significantly alters the hydrologic characteristics of the land surface within a watershed. In the present study, the impact of landuse change (2006-2016) on runoff and sediment yield has been assessed in Patiala-Ki-Rao watershed (5140 ha) located in Shivalik foot-hills, using remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS), and Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) watershed model. The watershed has seven major landuse classes, namely agriculture, built-up, fallow land, forest, grass land, streams, and water bodies. The landuse change analysis indicated that the area under all the landuses decreased except built-up that increased by 372.27 ha (112.04%). Forest is the most affected landuse among all watershed landuses that shrinked by 194.90 ha followed by agriculture (64.57 ha), grass land (50.81 ha), streams (30.42 ha), fallow land (21.86 ha), and water bodies (9.72 ha). Runoff and sediment yield for the landuse of the years 2006 and 2016 were simulated by the WEPP model using two climate scenarios (2006 and 2016). The simulated runoff, sediment yield, and sediment delivery ratio increased by 18.62%, 48.04%, and 32.23% under Climate-2006 and 26.78%, 30.23%, and 16.09% under Climate-2016 due to change in landuse during a period of 10 years. This clearly indicates that landuse change in 10 years has greatly influenced the hydrology of the watershed and requires urgent land allocation policy in place for sustainable development in the area.
土地利用变化显著改变了流域内地表的水文特征。本研究利用遥感、地理信息系统（GIS）和水蚀预测项目（WEPP）流域模型，评估了 2006-2016 年土地利用变化（LUCC）对位于喜马偕尔山麓的帕蒂亚拉-基劳流域（5140 公顷）径流量和泥沙产量的影响。该流域有 7 种主要土地利用类型，分别为农业、建成区、休耕地、森林、草地、溪流和水体。土地利用变化分析表明，除建成区增加 372.27 公顷（112.04%）外，所有土地利用类型的面积均有所减少。森林是流域所有土地利用类型中受影响最大的，减少了 194.90 公顷，其次是农业（64.57 公顷）、草地（50.81 公顷）、溪流（30.42 公顷）、休耕地（21.86 公顷）和水体（9.72 公顷）。利用 WEPP 模型，采用两种气候情景（2006 年和 2016 年）对 2006 年和 2016 年的土地利用进行了径流量和泥沙产量模拟。由于 10 年间土地利用的变化，在气候-2006 情景下，径流量、泥沙产量和泥沙输移比分别增加了 18.62%、48.04%和 32.23%，在气候-2016 情景下分别增加了 26.78%、30.23%和 16.09%。这清楚地表明，10 年内的土地利用变化极大地影响了流域的水文状况，需要立即制定土地分配政策，以实现该地区的可持续发展。
